Behav Brain Sci June 2013 PMID 23663408

Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.

Andy Clark

Mentions

127
Peak: 34 in Jan 2019
across 7 sources since Jan 2019

Extended reach

785,654
potential audience

Total likes

270

Video views

3,516

Mentions per month

Jan 2019 – Dec 2025

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter68 posts
  • Blogs23 articles
  • News22 articles
  • YouTube7 videos
  • Facebook4 posts
  • Reddit2 posts
  • Bluesky1 posts

AI synopsis

What people are saying

Several discussions highlight key themes from the publication, such as the concept that 'brains are essentially prediction machines.' Comments like 'it's a leading theory of how our brains work' and 'a nice survey of related neuroscience' illustrate a thoughtful analysis and genuine enthusiasm about the topic. The tone reflects a mixture of academic respect and excitement, which contributes to the overall positive sentiment and perception of impact.

AgreementModerate agreement

Many posts indicate a general understanding and acceptance of the paper's ideas, presenting various perspectives that align with its conclusions.

InterestHigh interest

The discussions clearly demonstrate high curiosity about the concepts explored in the publication, with several participants sharing their thoughts and seeking deeper insights.

EngagementHigh engagement

Many users reference specific methods and theories related to predictive processing, indicating a thoughtful engagement with the content rather than superficial responses.

ImpactHigh impact

The overall sentiment suggests the paper is viewed as highly influential in shaping current discussions within cognitive science, as evidenced by repeated references and citations.

Abstract in brief

  • The text discusses the idea that brains function as predictive machines, constantly matching sensory inputs with expectations to guide perception and action.
  • It critiques this hierarchical generative model, highlighting its potential as a unified framework for understanding cognition and behavior while also acknowledging challenges it faces.
  • Finally, the text explores the implications of this predictive approach for our understanding of mind, experience, and agency.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
hardmaru
@hardmaru · X

“Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark, in Behavioral and Brain Sciences from 2013. It's a bit dated, do you know of any more recent related review papers on this subject? https://t.co/MlGHzvyv4N

Jan 8, 2019 · 68 likes · 23 shares · 361,754 followers View post →
Maxwell Ramstead
@mjdramstead · X

@BBSJournal is my favorite journal and Andy Clark's 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science" in the pages of BBS is the paper that got me started on my current path. It feels like things have come full circle :)

May 28, 2020 · 20 likes · 2 shares · 5,056 followers View post →
Lisa Feldman Barrett
@LFeldmanBarrett · X

@GaneshNatesh Since you're a doctoral student, I'll point you first to Andy Clark's terrific 2013 paper on the predictive brain in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Full paper is downloadable. https://t.co/qObuGY3c4L

Jan 26, 2019 · 14 likes · 4 shares · 44,358 followers View post →
memo akten
@memoakten · X

@hardmaru @douglas_eck @fluffycyborg As I've prob said many times on this website :) I'm also big fan of his 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents... ". Nice survey of related neuroscience (mostly @FarlKriston :), (sometimes extravagant) extrapolations, then rebuttals https://t.co/y2sKHDX9fn

Jan 14, 2019 · 9 likes · 2 shares · 29,166 followers View post →
Rob Gray ⚾️
@ShakeyWaits · X

I think if I believed that predictive coding was really the way perception works I wouldn't be able to get out of bed in the morning. Living inside my head, w/ only electrical impulses, & no direct experience or connection with the environment around me. https://t.co/HwABpZKA06 https://t.co/mEpuUOWmxU

Dec 22, 2020 · 7 likes · 2 shares · 14,301 followers View post →
FND Portal - is no longer on X
@FndPortal · X

If you want to go deep on some of the theory behind that, which applies not just to FND but many brain disorders, check out the writings of Karl Friston, Andy Clark, Lisa Feldman Barrett, and Anil Seth. https://t.co/R1gCXer486

Feb 14, 2022 · 5 likes · 6,935 followers View post →

All mentions

celeste
@vmfunc · X

@Anteejay @theemozilla @Teknium1 i have news for you https://t.co/h1470NeWMn

Sep 5, 2025 · 2 likes · 13,574 followers View post →
Patrick III Rangsimant
@PatheNeuro · X

อ้างอิง Badre, D., Doll, B. B., Long, N. M., & Frank, M. J. (2012). Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex and individual differences in uncertainty-driven exploration. Neuron, 73(3), 595-607. Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of

Aug 10, 2025 · 1 like · 42,141 followers View post →
steadygoing
@steadygoing · X

Clark, Andy. “Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science.” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 3 (2013): 181–204. Deci, Edward L., and Richard M. Ryan. Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum,

Apr 4, 2025 · 1,132 followers View post →
Michael E. Markunas
@michael-markunas.bsky.social · Bluesky

i was considering Clark’s ‘perceiving as predicting’ in Matthen, Biggs and Stokes edited volume “Perception and its Modalities”. Or possibly ‘whatever next? predictive brains, situated agents and the future of cog sci’ also by clark

Jan 12, 2025 · 1 like View post →
-
@SunsetzInExile · X

https(:)//sci(-)hub(.)ru(/)10.1017/S0140525X12000477

Sep 17, 2024 · 1,360 followers View post →
Hauke Hillebrandt
@Ha_uke · X

@ESYudkowsky Predicting what's next is also what the brain does according to the Bayesian Brain hypothesis / Free Energy Principle (c.f. 'Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science' by @CogsAndy '13)

Aug 23, 2024 · 1 like · 303 followers View post →
Geoff V
@IILearning · X

RT @rodjnaquin: This paper introduces and explores the theory of "predictive processing" as a fundamental principle of brain function. htt…

Jul 31, 2024 · 1 share · 2,535 followers View post →
Rod
@rodjnaquin · X

This paper introduces and explores the theory of "predictive processing" as a fundamental principle of brain function. https://t.co/e9QoKuRnfT This theory posits that the brain is constantly generating predictions about incoming sensory information based on past experiences

Jul 30, 2024 · 1 like · 1 share · 3,504 followers View post →
Dan Brickley
@danbri · X

@chrmanning @JSEllenberg @jasondeanlee @strwbilly million token contexts are already deployed (eg gemini 1.5), and things are bound to improve further. The sequential prediction element seems more essential, … and ties into ideas outside of computer science and linguistics eg https://t.co/hAKrRYB4yF https://t.co/dG8ZUQk5vi

Mar 26, 2024 · 3 likes · 12,084 followers View post →
Cameron Brodie
@CameronBro86170 · X

@scottfitzpatr13 I'm going to pinch that if you don't mind. Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science https://t.co/PgtVMbvHqm https://t.co/PgtVMbvHqm

Aug 13, 2023 · 1 like · 436 followers View post →
OllyFS
@olly3661 · X

@tomscott Just a note on 9:20 for anyone interested - neural predictive processing is far more than popscience junk. It's a leading theory of how our brains work, pioneered by experts such as Carl Friston, Andy Clark and Peter Kok https://t.co/Bc7CPyr2qQ

Feb 14, 2023 · 2 likes · 1,385 followers View post →
FND Portal - is no longer on X
@FndPortal · X

If you want to go deep on some of the theory behind that, which applies not just to FND but many brain disorders, check out the writings of Karl Friston, Andy Clark, Lisa Feldman Barrett, and Anil Seth. https://t.co/R1gCXer486

Feb 14, 2022 · 5 likes · 6,935 followers View post →
Jordan James Etem
@JordanJamesEtem · X

Clark, A. (2013). Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36, 181–253. #DeepLearning #Reasoning #Systems #SoulSight @MichaelDell @DellTechAPEX $DELL $VMW $BAC https://t.co/ikfPguxGKV

Nov 29, 2021 · 12,642 followers View post →
Josh Malt
@josh_malted · X

This one is a bit academic, but it's long and free. https://t.co/3WPkJSNHxJ

Oct 12, 2021 · 333 followers View post →
BetaTeach-A Hive Mindset for Heat Decarbonisation
@betateach · X

@robertjwhitney @PeterEastern @_heatgeek @theolodian @HeatCalculation @ramcq @rboydo @TrystanLea @Zarch1972 @kenbone44 @Zapaman @RichMWPHS I'll think you'll find "gut feeling" is incredibly important. Without it humans possibly wouldn't have survived so well as a species. Intuition involves huge amounts of brain power: that clever thing no machine can yet match

Sep 12, 2021 · 8,744 followers View post →
Michael Anderson
@mljanderson · X

@drlaurenhoward Clark A. Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science. Behav Brain Sci. 2013 Jun;36(3):181-204. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X12000477. Epub 2013 May 10. PMID: 23663408. (Also not dead)

Jan 14, 2021 · 2,324 followers View post →
Simon O'Beirne
@bti_simon · X

RT @ShakeyWaits: I think if I believed that predictive coding was really the way perception works I wouldn't be able to get out of bed in t…

Dec 22, 2020 · 2 shares · 2,494 followers View post →
Andrew D Wilson is now @adw.bsky.social
@PsychScientists · X

RT @ShakeyWaits: I think if I believed that predictive coding was really the way perception works I wouldn't be able to get out of bed in t…

Dec 22, 2020 · 2 shares · 9,689 followers View post →
Rob Gray ⚾️
@ShakeyWaits · X

I think if I believed that predictive coding was really the way perception works I wouldn't be able to get out of bed in the morning. Living inside my head, w/ only electrical impulses, & no direct experience or connection with the environment around me. https://t.co/HwABpZKA06 https://t.co/mEpuUOWmxU

Dec 22, 2020 · 7 likes · 2 shares · 14,301 followers View post →
Rob Gray ⚾️
@ShakeyWaits · X

3)The very popular "Predictive Coding". But has this been developed/applied to perceptual-motor control? https://t.co/HwABpZKA06

Nov 3, 2020 · 3 likes · 14,301 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @judystout1: Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science https://t.co/xFYZYesJXD

Jul 31, 2020 · 1 share · 7,887 followers View post →
Judith Stout
@judystout1 · X

Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science https://t.co/xFYZYesJXD

Jul 16, 2020 · 3 likes · 1 share · 3,251 followers View post →
Dr. Walter Veit
@wrwveit · X

RT @mjdramstead: @BBSJournal is my favorite journal and Andy Clark's 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the…

Jun 1, 2020 · 2 shares · 13,460 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @mjdramstead: @BBSJournal is my favorite journal and Andy Clark's 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the…

May 30, 2020 · 2 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Maxwell Ramstead
@mjdramstead · X

@BBSJournal is my favorite journal and Andy Clark's 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science" in the pages of BBS is the paper that got me started on my current path. It feels like things have come full circle :)

May 28, 2020 · 20 likes · 2 shares · 5,056 followers View post →
eripsa (professional robot)
@eripsa · X

@SellarsRespectr @philosoraptor Interestingly, Clark walks back some of his externalism in his defense of active inference. Specifically, he appeals to bandwidth considerations to argue that consciousness must be processed in brains, and doesn't happen outside the head. https://t.co/GHITbO9Sdl

Dec 2, 2019 · 1 like · 2,629 followers View post →
Evander
@Hereditarian98 · X

https://t.co/GGF38MUfrX

Sep 23, 2019 · 2,281 followers View post →
Heyoka
@heyokh · X

RT @guerillagirl_: @MrAlanCooper favorite citation in this context: “brains (...) are essentially prediction machines (...)” ; Clark, 2013…

Sep 23, 2019 · 2 shares · 795 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @guerillagirl_: @MrAlanCooper favorite citation in this context: “brains (...) are essentially prediction machines (...)” ; Clark, 2013…

Sep 23, 2019 · 2 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Yuki Ozaki
@ykiozaki · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Sep 12, 2019 · 23 shares · 216 followers View post →
Steffi
@guerillagirl_ · X

@MrAlanCooper favorite citation in this context: “brains (...) are essentially prediction machines (...)” ; Clark, 2013 https://t.co/IpJojAun1Y

Sep 10, 2019 · 1 like · 2 shares · 1,635 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @danieljamesyon: @Trivium21c Yes, @fluffycyborg has done lots on this area - you might be interested this piece of his in @BBSJournal a…

Jul 14, 2019 · 2 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Martin Robinson
@Trivium21c · X

RT @danieljamesyon: @Trivium21c Yes, @fluffycyborg has done lots on this area - you might be interested this piece of his in @BBSJournal a…

Jul 12, 2019 · 2 shares · 12,750 followers View post →
Daniel Yon
@danieljamesyon · X

@Trivium21c Yes, @fluffycyborg has done lots on this area - you might be interested this piece of his in @BBSJournal and the commentaries attached to the article https://t.co/4EwljE3yoR

Jul 12, 2019 · 4 likes · 2 shares · 3,182 followers View post →
eripsa (professional robot)
@eripsa · X

@marcolin91 @joe_dewhurst @IrisVanRooij @theblub @mjdramstead @ConstantAxel Clark summarizes these arguments nicely in this 2013 paper, which I feel is required reading to appreciate the force of Friston's position against the enactivists: "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science" https://t.co/kk5f37MPYf

Mar 6, 2019 · 2 likes · 2,629 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @memotv: @hardmaru @douglas_eck @fluffycyborg As I've prob said many times on this website :) I'm also big fan of his 2013 paper "Whatev…

Jan 28, 2019 · 2 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @LFeldmanBarrett: @GaneshNatesh Since you're a doctoral student, I'll point you first to Andy Clark's terrific 2013 paper on the predict…

Jan 28, 2019 · 4 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Hasten Slowly
@HastenSlowly · X

RT @LFeldmanBarrett: @GaneshNatesh Since you're a doctoral student, I'll point you first to Andy Clark's terrific 2013 paper on the predict…

Jan 28, 2019 · 4 shares · 51 followers View post →
Interdisciplinary Affective Science Lab
@affectivescilab · X

RT @LFeldmanBarrett: @GaneshNatesh Since you're a doctoral student, I'll point you first to Andy Clark's terrific 2013 paper on the predict…

Jan 28, 2019 · 4 shares · 2,476 followers View post →
Lisa Feldman Barrett
@LFeldmanBarrett · X

@GaneshNatesh Since you're a doctoral student, I'll point you first to Andy Clark's terrific 2013 paper on the predictive brain in Behavioral and Brain Sciences. Full paper is downloadable. https://t.co/qObuGY3c4L

Jan 26, 2019 · 14 likes · 4 shares · 44,358 followers View post →
Ben Tidwell
@_bentidwell · X

@neuroicudoc @ramit @DrJenGunter Indeed, it’s fundamental to how our brains work. We pay attention to and learn from prediction errors. At least, we learn if lots of other things don’t get in the way (e.g., the errors going against what we consider core to our identity or social group): https://t.co/abTdajwSuC

Jan 24, 2019 · 1 like · 911 followers View post →
memo akten
@memoakten · X

RT @memotv: @hardmaru @douglas_eck @fluffycyborg As I've prob said many times on this website :) I'm also big fan of his 2013 paper "Whatev…

Jan 14, 2019 · 2 shares · 29,166 followers View post →
memo akten
@memoakten · X

@hardmaru @douglas_eck @fluffycyborg As I've prob said many times on this website :) I'm also big fan of his 2013 paper "Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents... ". Nice survey of related neuroscience (mostly @FarlKriston :), (sometimes extravagant) extrapolations, then rebuttals https://t.co/y2sKHDX9fn

Jan 14, 2019 · 9 likes · 2 shares · 29,166 followers View post →
Kourosh Meshgi クーロシ メシギ
@KouroshMeshgi · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 11, 2019 · 23 shares · 693 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 10, 2019 · 23 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Anand Rath
@blissunplugged · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 9, 2019 · 23 shares · 33 followers View post →
Randy Soper
@__rsoper__ · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 9, 2019 · 23 shares · 375 followers View post →
Pinco Pallo ツ
@_pinco_pallo_ · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 9, 2019 · 23 shares · 5,610 followers View post →
priya joseph
@ayirpelle · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 4,925 followers View post →
Christian Kaiser
@chrisk0 · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 296 followers View post →
james
@iamknighton · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 791 followers View post →
charzie
@charzie01 · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 4,197 followers View post →
Bartosz Janik
@yanniczek · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 376 followers View post →
qiao
@yunqiaohuang · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 61 followers View post →
Thinking Jellyfish
@honyohonyopo · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 16 followers View post →
Alex Sehdeva
@alex_sehdeva · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 129 followers View post →
Eirini Malliaraki
@irinimalliaraki · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 3,977 followers View post →
Brennan Klein
@jkbren · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 3,009 followers View post →
Indy M.
@indy9000 · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 4 followers View post →
Krys
@krystoferivanov · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 655 followers View post →
Ayşe ÇİLER ⚡Aisa Chiler ❣
@CilerAyse · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 1,714 followers View post →
Hamid Eghbalzadeh
@heghbalz · X

RT @hardmaru: “Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark,…

Jan 8, 2019 · 23 shares · 2,642 followers View post →
hardmaru
@hardmaru · X

“Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science.” Nice review article by Andy Clark, in Behavioral and Brain Sciences from 2013. It's a bit dated, do you know of any more recent related review papers on this subject? https://t.co/MlGHzvyv4N

Jan 8, 2019 · 68 likes · 23 shares · 361,754 followers View post →
Bridget Waller
@WallerBridget · X

RT @ArtificialOther: Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science https://t.co/Ozy7dYx6LO

Jan 7, 2019 · 4 shares · 881 followers View post →
Prof. Amanda Seed
@AmandaMSeed · X

RT @ArtificialOther: Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science https://t.co/Ozy7dYx6LO

Jan 7, 2019 · 4 shares · 1,652 followers View post →
Diana Tamir
@DianaTamir · X

RT @ArtificialOther: Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science https://t.co/Ozy7dYx6LO

Jan 5, 2019 · 4 shares · 4,146 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @ArtificialOther: Whatever Next? Predictive Brains, Situated Agents, and the Future of Cognitive Science https://t.co/Ozy7dYx6LO

Jan 5, 2019 · 4 shares · 7,887 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @Chahali: Whatever next? Predictive brains, situated agents, and the future of cognitive science https://t.co/picpWnbBY0

Jan 5, 2019 · 1 share · 7,887 followers View post →
Behav. Brain. Sci.
@BBSJournal · X

RT @eripsa: @sir_deenicus @PabloRedux @morungos @gifts_of_fire Also, this overview of the current state of cognitive science research from…

Jan 5, 2019 · 2 shares · 7,887 followers View post →