Proc Biol Sci January 2014 PMID 24285202

A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time.

Mary H Schweitzer, Wenxia Zheng, Timothy P Cleland, Mark B Goodwin, Elizabeth Boatman, Elizabeth Theil, Matthew A Marcus, Sirine C Fakra

Mentions

61
Peak: 5 in Oct 2019
across 5 sources since Feb 2019

Extended reach

65,785
potential audience

Total likes

318

Video views

4,608

Mentions per month

Feb 2019 – Oct 2025

Where it's discussed

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

The group’s sentiment leans toward acknowledging the scientific findings, as seen in comments praising Schweitzer's work, while some dismiss the significance or misrepresent details, evident in critiques calling the research 'fanfic' or questioning the preservation mechanisms. The tone fluctuates between respectful curiosity and dismissive skepticism, illustrating a dynamic debate over the implications and validity of the study.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions recognize the validity of Schweitzer's findings on soft tissue preservation involving iron and oxygen chemistry, though some dismiss or criticize the interpretations made.

InterestHigh interest

There is high interest among participants, reflected in numerous comments emphasizing the significance of the research and discussing mechanisms of fossil preservation.

EngagementModerate engagement

Comments vary from superficial dismissals to detailed clarifications about the science, indicating moderate engagement with the content.

ImpactModerate impact

The discussions suggest that the research influences views on fossilization and Earth’s history, but some dismiss it as having limited real-world impact or as ideological debate.

Abstract in brief

  • The study finds that iron particles, particularly goethite, are involved in preserving soft tissues in Mesozoic dinosaur fossils, which current models can't fully explain.
  • Iron chelators increase the detectability of preserved proteins, indicating that iron both helps preserve and potentially masks these proteins in fossil tissues.
  • Experiments with ostrich blood reveal that hemoglobin and oxygen interactions, especially under hypoxic conditions, significantly enhance tissue stability and preservation over time, highlighting a role for oxygen-iron chemistry in soft tissue fossilization.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Bag Carrier
@hauxton · X

@abrennan006 @RJDownard @ei9iw @AJLane54 @manchestermelly @MLarsvogel @odktiger @TakeThatEpi @Matt_Clough @A_Damned_smith @AlbinSiby9 @hubie0 @Bellpipe41 @AndrewRChapman @Ivotian @StandBackUp2 @TheGod_Particle @Theism_Has_Nil @TheWestonMike @show_tao @misty4630 @WatcherOnAWall @EBatterson @okmkmkok @RosaRubicon @AtheistBigfoot @JustSayingWhat1 @Dylon59556561 @HallowedSilence @Sicut_Lupus @IngridIngwah @BerlinDodger @MichelleNewDay @G_in_Korea @taygee @malo_j @ChadCottle @DiscoJerrys Citation needed Oh. Here's one https://t.co/YwDAaRVzzQ

Oct 20, 2019 · 6 likes · 3 shares · 1,890 followers View post →
Take That Darwin
@TakeThatDarwin · X

@ColibriNoctis @DoubleDumas @DingodileSaurus @LastName437 @WondersNorbit @Vapyd0fficial @autocorrect2_0 Ah. More fanfic. No, Schweitzer led the research into the way iron preserved the proteins’ structure. This story doesn’t need your conspiracy theories to be interesting. https://t.co/zvCePh0XWz

Oct 26, 2023 · 2 likes · 16,488 followers View post →
No Such Thing as Too Many Cycles
@TakethatCt · X

@evoisamyth @NoScienceDenial @darkmudley @eldrave20 @NelsonMKerr @ScientiaPercept @Curteis96 @TakeThatHistory @R0samond @brad_feinman @WoopsWoah @spikeinthemidge @geraldpayne25 @HELENO_T_HENZO @JoeTheAtheist @PierrotLL @HaircutSpock @HELENO_T_HENZO_ @E_conRS @hugh_bothwell @Melanie33720945 @AprilLigeia @Tachyon100 @rkdoctr @Jo__Edge @answersinreason @GenesisWonWon @protecths @wolfgar77 @LeeTWimberly @CNMartin__ @DoubleDoubleJon @DavidPsbdivinyl @EBatterson @SemiMooch @MysteriousWay15 @NuckChorris16 @TJimjones @JaTapps @FrogTurds @JohnJotink @HLebwohl @SSpence64 @AnarQueer1 @1pckt @ElaineWharton1 @Apphouse50 @FactsAreTrumps @RealAnonDouche @SteveMcRae_ Hmm https://t.co/QdFuJdcXPY

Oct 15, 2019 · 2 likes · 5,527 followers View post →
No Such Thing as Too Many Cycles
@TakethatCt · X

@abrennan006 @TristramLennard @ei9iw @StevenDJBaumann @DB_Grimwalker @ScientiaPercept @KitemanArgues @Mogleeone @odktiger @rkdoctr Except in certain exceptional conditions as outlined here https://t.co/QdFuJdcXPY

Oct 23, 2019 · 1 like · 5,527 followers View post →
AntiChrist AntiGod Anti Holy Ghost AntiMuhammed
@Christgodtweet · X

@Freewillburnin @TheWestonMike @rupejonner2 @show_tao @AwayFromTheKeys @hackingx2 @intelligent50 @MysteriousWay15 @StandBackUp2 @IngridIngwah @lesgantssexuels @NM_rocker @robster16a @RJDownard @PObdura @juliuscaesarrex @points_tony @nilsatisnisi8 @Devil4President @Onychom @Glad2bAtheist @1pckt @A__Stout @FearTheSphere_ @The_Real_BiM @zythophiliac @C_82l @PaulG16808960 @TheGod_Particle @alllibertynews @jeangilhaus @Baxter51557003 @GasmaNZ @PhoenixTruths @RTW_Tweets @deepinsights19 @Nahdya777 @rorylane @derbybbb @YICYAC @JK43108 @KaeAndersen @GrayHouse77 @tighe15 @yrysbryd @PleasureOfDoubt @Jandrewgotsguns @grumpy_dai @Grimasaur @rdfs A pendejo like Mary H. Schweitzer A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time https://t.co/9FdpsnXiH8

Feb 25, 2019 · 1 like · 1,434 followers View post →
Wisp1a☄️
@Canna420Uk · X

@beijingrob16 @couldbeworse01 @AwaitChrist Here's the work she did. Notice the title. https://t.co/pV1LGE64Bo

Dec 19, 2023 · 1 like · 721 followers View post →

All mentions

Brennan Skept
@BrennanSkept · X

@DrFisura @DeeWaynee94 @AiG You’re not questioning science-you’re just repeating something you don’t understand. Collagen wasn’t “preserved” like leftovers. It fossilized under rare, iron-rich conditions. That’s been studied, published, and explained.

Jul 4, 2025 · 1 like · 10 followers View post →
Sounds of Nyx
@LevantineEpi · X

@NotEvolution1 You obviously did’t read her findings, in its entirety. That’s typical for you idiots, who get your views of science from Christian apologetics ministries. https://t.co/PKGvfpjzDl

Apr 17, 2025 · 1 like · 384 followers View post →
this_is_easy
@this_is_easy · X

@Tom40581073 @DBug92941 @NotEvolution1 https://t.co/R0E2B5bSIY

Jan 16, 2024 · 94 followers View post →
Wisp1a☄️
@Canna420Uk · X

@beijingrob16 @couldbeworse01 @AwaitChrist Here's the work she did. Notice the title. https://t.co/pV1LGE64Bo

Dec 19, 2023 · 1 like · 721 followers View post →
Take That Darwin
@TakeThatDarwin · X

@ColibriNoctis @DoubleDumas @DingodileSaurus @LastName437 @WondersNorbit @Vapyd0fficial @autocorrect2_0 Ah. More fanfic. No, Schweitzer led the research into the way iron preserved the proteins’ structure. This story doesn’t need your conspiracy theories to be interesting. https://t.co/zvCePh0XWz

Oct 26, 2023 · 2 likes · 16,488 followers View post →
Melanie33720945
@Melanie33720945 · X

@ThatF_ckinGuy @JerLeff @GarrBoo @marcus1258 @wendelltalks 3/ Already answered. This is achieved by measuring the decay of radioactive isotopes found in the Earths crust, & meteorites left over from the formation of the Solar System. Here, open access to no excuses for not reading in full ⬇️ https://t.co/O360MWkmGu

Mar 12, 2023 · 974 followers View post →
Julian Norris
@Paleoguy073 · X

@rlglinski3 @ICRscience https://t.co/BijFcALXvi https://t.co/9vNGQy9iw3 https://t.co/Ihr0rNzjrq

Feb 24, 2023 · 1 like · 377 followers View post →
Cheap Philosophy
@CheapPhilosoph1 · X

@EMaxwell56 @ICRscience Is more recent than that paper. Indeed, DNA degrades UNLESS is preserved by a mechanism reducing its degradation. No magic needed. https://t.co/Sg7Ipdf2Y9 https://t.co/qm80j5hjVB

Jan 12, 2023 · 763 followers View post →
Cheap Philosophy
@CheapPhilosoph1 · X

@creationnews Yes, it can be preserved: https://t.co/Sg7IpdwDPH Fossilization is slow in nature. Do not conflate concretion with permineralization. To replace bone for minerals in few centuries, you need to show a natural process that could do that. Do the research and publish it. Until then.

Dec 5, 2022 · 763 followers View post →
Gideon Mikha'el Episteme
@GideonEpisteme · X

@calstate @DominguezHills @CSUSM @CSULB @calpolypomona @sacstate @CalStateLA @SSU_1961 @stan_state @CSUMB @CalStateTEACH https://t.co/aPdf39I2j1

Feb 20, 2022 · 1 like · 49 followers View post →
Tdlane.bsky.social
@AJLane54 · X

@darkbirdwhisper @RealBrysonGray There is a working hypothesis that has been tested regarding long term preservation of soft tissues, which are usually anything that isn't bone. https://t.co/wrNlpzYH2W

Aug 4, 2020 · 1 like · 219 followers View post →
Outis
@Captain_Outis · X

@nutriweh The initial discovery of soft tissue in dinosaurs is here https://t.co/H8PKu2o28I I can provide other citations of later discoveries if you wish. Mechanisms of preservation are explained here: https://t.co/JVC4wcdghG https://t.co/8NIPcIuuaW https://t.co/jo2Ucxvimm

Jul 13, 2020 · 204 followers View post →
No Such Thing as Too Many Cycles
@TakethatCt · X

@FreerOfMindz @Atheist_Dragon @WatcherOnAWall @PhxApologetics @PBDerbysAtheist @jesseleehumphry @davestewart4444 @MBPaulkovich @JohnW_Oldham @natesims07 @curixus1 @Atheist_Trooper https://t.co/QdFuJdcXPY How old do you think the earth is? What about the universe?

Apr 24, 2020 · 5,527 followers View post →
Tdlane.bsky.social
@AJLane54 · X

@TertiusIII @umfpt @surgerysleeper @carlsmythe @TakeThatEpi @vorodecky @RJDownard @microRNApro @Jesus_is_G_d @StandBackUp2 @aj170664 @Melbajapan @TConabike @mattbrown590 @SoulFireMage @HaircutSpock @hauxton @heart3626 @tklforgiven @donholtmac @ScientiaPercept @MPloughboy @ShellyMcgough @LisaMcC24278047 @atheeism @054durin @truthshoes @LibertyDrunk @twatterfull @geraldpayne25 @MsHella3000 @michellmybell1 @commonsensejan @halcyondon @TimSteppingOut @ClaudsLucas @Solo2703 @Denbar64 @monsta_959 @Cant_Read_Maps @Corde61944395 @VolumeRose @Loriniowa @MaryVMos1 @EsoxCarcharias @zythophiliac @JordivisionD @2Cents69 @Schmoop0521 @DianWChain1 https://t.co/wrNlpzYH2W Here is the paper by Mary Schweitzer on preservation of soft tissues, do tell me how the scientist is right when they agree with you but wrong when they don't.

Jan 30, 2020 · 1 like · 219 followers View post →
Dr Theosib, CPU expert
@theosib2 · X

@AnAmeri63598034 @bugden_david @thehill https://t.co/SMHMeJyMgz Someone else mentioned soft tissue, but what they actually found were "fragments of proteins." https://t.co/A3KaR1tapY They found "iron particles associated with soft tissue." BTW, Schweitzer isn't a creationist. Funny how you cherry pick the science.

Jan 19, 2020 · 1,408 followers View post →
Bob Russell
@AGTCnews · X

@Patrios1776 The Chattanooga black shale enigma there isn't one only in the minds of ICR! Polystrate is not an issue either again except in the mind of ICR: https://t.co/GtbrKJPWAL Cambrian no puzzle there what so ever. likewise soft tissue. https://t.co/Ll2eGrg85b

Dec 12, 2019 · 709 followers View post →
No Such Thing as Too Many Cycles
@TakethatCt · X

@abrennan006 @TristramLennard @ei9iw @StevenDJBaumann @DB_Grimwalker @ScientiaPercept @KitemanArgues @Mogleeone @odktiger @rkdoctr Except in certain exceptional conditions as outlined here https://t.co/QdFuJdcXPY

Oct 23, 2019 · 1 like · 5,527 followers View post →
SciP(h)er
@ScientiaPercept · X

RT @hauxton: @abrennan006 @RJDownard @ei9iw @AJLane54 @manchestermelly @MLarsvogel @odktiger @TakeThatEpi @Matt_Clough @A_Damned_smith @Alb…

Oct 20, 2019 · 3 shares · 10,031 followers View post →
Tdlane.bsky.social
@AJLane54 · X

RT @hauxton: @abrennan006 @RJDownard @ei9iw @AJLane54 @manchestermelly @MLarsvogel @odktiger @TakeThatEpi @Matt_Clough @A_Damned_smith @Alb…

Oct 20, 2019 · 3 shares · 219 followers View post →
Bag Carrier
@hauxton · X

@abrennan006 @RJDownard @ei9iw @AJLane54 @manchestermelly @MLarsvogel @odktiger @TakeThatEpi @Matt_Clough @A_Damned_smith @AlbinSiby9 @hubie0 @Bellpipe41 @AndrewRChapman @Ivotian @StandBackUp2 @TheGod_Particle @Theism_Has_Nil @TheWestonMike @show_tao @misty4630 @WatcherOnAWall @EBatterson @okmkmkok @RosaRubicon @AtheistBigfoot @JustSayingWhat1 @Dylon59556561 @HallowedSilence @Sicut_Lupus @IngridIngwah @BerlinDodger @MichelleNewDay @G_in_Korea @taygee @malo_j @ChadCottle @DiscoJerrys Citation needed Oh. Here's one https://t.co/YwDAaRVzzQ

Oct 20, 2019 · 6 likes · 3 shares · 1,890 followers View post →
No Such Thing as Too Many Cycles
@TakethatCt · X

@evoisamyth @NoScienceDenial @darkmudley @eldrave20 @NelsonMKerr @ScientiaPercept @Curteis96 @TakeThatHistory @R0samond @brad_feinman @WoopsWoah @spikeinthemidge @geraldpayne25 @HELENO_T_HENZO @JoeTheAtheist @PierrotLL @HaircutSpock @HELENO_T_HENZO_ @E_conRS @hugh_bothwell @Melanie33720945 @AprilLigeia @Tachyon100 @rkdoctr @Jo__Edge @answersinreason @GenesisWonWon @protecths @wolfgar77 @LeeTWimberly @CNMartin__ @DoubleDoubleJon @DavidPsbdivinyl @EBatterson @SemiMooch @MysteriousWay15 @NuckChorris16 @TJimjones @JaTapps @FrogTurds @JohnJotink @HLebwohl @SSpence64 @AnarQueer1 @1pckt @ElaineWharton1 @Apphouse50 @FactsAreTrumps @RealAnonDouche @SteveMcRae_ Hmm https://t.co/QdFuJdcXPY

Oct 15, 2019 · 2 likes · 5,527 followers View post →
JR
@S4R41_K44R · X

@show_tao @odktiger @Freewillburnin @JustSayingWhat1 @StandBackUp2 @RJDownard @zythophiliac @hackingx2 @Christgodtweet @svensrevenge @TakeThatStraw @rkdoctr @VLVerdi71 @C_82l @PObdura @Amati75 @hansjelbert1 @revilokesh @Onychom @Reid_CO @starstrucksugar @intelligent50 @EBatterson @TheGod_Particle @deepinsights19 @A_Damned_smith @djangounchaine8 @IngridIngwah @rupejonner2 @Fr1nk3 @RomagnoliEsque @randolf828 @PaulG16808960 @YICYAC @Glad2bAtheist @mortisford @A__Stout @DanielM62699792 @alllibertynews @zetetic2017 @BenefactrChurch @LeahHen18676712 @Jim1810 @The_Real_BiM @DarthKiller2 @SteveTiger999 @Truthbe06112360 @AllistairGraham @lesgantssexuels @juliuscaesarrex The soft tissue is explained by Mary Schweitzer, the Christian paleontologist who dug up the fossil. https://t.co/ZqPAgQPbAx Besides, why would a scorching wall of fire preserve fossils?

Jul 4, 2019 · 1 like · 384 followers View post →
John Stockwell
@john19071969 · X

@MikeBravoYanky Mary Schweitzer noticed that there were iron nanoparticles inbedded in the fossil, and conducted experiments showing their preservative properties https://t.co/9UDP2xDp8W it is preservation that is the issue, not age

May 16, 2019 · 1,223 followers View post →
AntiChrist AntiGod Anti Holy Ghost AntiMuhammed
@Christgodtweet · X

@Freewillburnin @rupejonner2 @RobertWoodham2 @DaviesHyland @truthshoes @JebusChrist12 @Catheri77148739 @lesgantssexuels @PoshMePretty @show_tao @Conserberal @Onychom @TheGod_Particle @StandBackUp2 @NM_rocker @jeangilhaus @IngridIngwah @intelligent50 @Unitedone4 @JustSayingWhat1 @hackingx2 @C_82l @orna_verum @robster16a @zythophiliac @RJDownard @eldrave20 @JonasAfrend @WildChild69 @joey_blau @alllibertynews @Wendywe25192248 @davestewart4444 @yrysbryd @AMilitantAgnost @1pckt @A__Stout @Frustd_Atheist @deepinsights19 @juliuscaesarrex @PObdura @Glad2bAtheist @Nahdya777 @Devil4President @points_tony @nilsatisnisi8 @FearTheSphere_ @The_Real_BiM @PaulG16808960 @MysteriousWay15 https://t.co/s4EICcibNx

Mar 7, 2019 · 1,434 followers View post →
AntiChrist AntiGod Anti Holy Ghost AntiMuhammed
@Christgodtweet · X

@Freewillburnin @rupejonner2 @EcoEvoDevo @A__Stout @intelligent50 @StandBackUp2 @1pckt @YICYAC @TheGod_Particle @factCQ @encyclopath @show_tao @PaulG16808960 @yrysbryd @davestewart4444 @AMilitantAgnost @robster16a @Frustd_Atheist @deepinsights19 @lesgantssexuels @juliuscaesarrex @RJDownard @PObdura @JustSayingWhat1 @Glad2bAtheist @PoshMePretty @hackingx2 @Nahdya777 @JebusChrist12 @eldrave20 @NM_rocker @Devil4President @IngridIngwah @points_tony @nilsatisnisi8 @Onychom @FearTheSphere_ @The_Real_BiM @zythophiliac @C_82l @MysteriousWay15 @alllibertynews @jeangilhaus @Baxter51557003 @GasmaNZ @AwayFromTheKeys @PhoenixTruths @RTW_Tweets @rorylane @derbybbb https://t.co/s4EICcibNx A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time Mary H. Schweitzer , Wenxia Zheng , Timothy P. Cleland , Mark B. Goodwin , Elizabeth Boatman , Elizabeth Theil , Matt

Mar 5, 2019 · 1,434 followers View post →
AntiChrist AntiGod Anti Holy Ghost AntiMuhammed
@Christgodtweet · X

@Freewillburnin @TheWestonMike @rupejonner2 @show_tao @AwayFromTheKeys @hackingx2 @intelligent50 @MysteriousWay15 @StandBackUp2 @IngridIngwah @lesgantssexuels @NM_rocker @robster16a @RJDownard @PObdura @juliuscaesarrex @points_tony @nilsatisnisi8 @Devil4President @Onychom @Glad2bAtheist @1pckt @A__Stout @FearTheSphere_ @The_Real_BiM @zythophiliac @C_82l @PaulG16808960 @TheGod_Particle @alllibertynews @jeangilhaus @Baxter51557003 @GasmaNZ @PhoenixTruths @RTW_Tweets @deepinsights19 @Nahdya777 @rorylane @derbybbb @YICYAC @JK43108 @KaeAndersen @GrayHouse77 @tighe15 @yrysbryd @PleasureOfDoubt @Jandrewgotsguns @grumpy_dai @Grimasaur @rdfs A pendejo like Mary H. Schweitzer A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time https://t.co/9FdpsnXiH8

Feb 25, 2019 · 1 like · 1,434 followers View post →
AntiChrist AntiGod Anti Holy Ghost AntiMuhammed
@Christgodtweet · X

@Freewillburnin @TheWestonMike @rupejonner2 @show_tao @AwayFromTheKeys @hackingx2 @intelligent50 @MysteriousWay15 @StandBackUp2 @IngridIngwah @lesgantssexuels @NM_rocker @robster16a @RJDownard @PObdura @juliuscaesarrex @points_tony @nilsatisnisi8 @Devil4President @Onychom @Glad2bAtheist @1pckt @A__Stout @FearTheSphere_ @The_Real_BiM @zythophiliac @C_82l @PaulG16808960 @TheGod_Particle @alllibertynews @jeangilhaus @Baxter51557003 @GasmaNZ @PhoenixTruths @RTW_Tweets @deepinsights19 @Nahdya777 @rorylane @derbybbb @YICYAC @JK43108 @KaeAndersen @GrayHouse77 @tighe15 @yrysbryd @PleasureOfDoubt @Jandrewgotsguns @grumpy_dai @Grimasaur @rdfs https://t.co/s4EICcibNx

Feb 25, 2019 · 1,434 followers View post →
Whymandesign
@whymandesign · X

A role for iron and oxygen chemistry in preserving soft tissues, cells and molecules from deep time https://t.co/S9pswX28ZH

Feb 5, 2019 · 1,713 followers View post →