Annu Rev Public Health March 2015 PMID 25533263

The epidemiology of firearm violence in the twenty-first century United States.

Garen J Wintemute

Download social card

Mentions

214
Peak: 7 in Jan 2023
across 7 sources since Jan 2015

Extended reach

283,584
potential audience

Total likes

357

Video views

52,295

Mentions per month

Jan 2015 – Aug 2025

Where it's discussed

  • News118 articles
  • X / Twitter61 posts
  • Blogs16 articles
  • Facebook10 posts
  • YouTube4 videos
  • Reddit4 posts
  • Bluesky1 posts

AI synopsis

What people are saying

The discussions highlight various perspectives on the findings presented in the article, particularly regarding the disproportionate homicide rates among Black males. Posts like 'the murder rate of young black males is 20-fold plus that of their peers' reflect a serious consideration of racial and socio-economic factors. The tone is often urgent and analytical, with phrases emphasizing public health implications, such as 'we need policies which stem the flow of illegal firearms into communities of color,' indicating an acknowledgment of the article's broader impact on societal issues.

AgreementModerate agreement

Many discussions reflect an understanding of the article's findings, though some users express skepticism towards conclusions drawn about firearm violence.

InterestHigh interest

The prevalence of firearm violence in the U.S. and its implications evoke strong curiosity and relevance, particularly concerning demographic differences in violence rates.

EngagementModerate engagement

While users frequently reference statistics and engage in analysis of the findings, some perspectives suggest superficial engagement with deeper systemic issues.

ImpactHigh impact

Most contributors recognize the significant implications of the publication, suggesting it could influence public health discussions and policy.

Abstract in brief

  • The prevalence of firearm violence in the U.S. remains a critical public health issue, with consistent mortality rates over the past decade.
  • Demographic differences significantly influence the risk of firearm violence, showing distinct patterns for suicides and homicides; suicide rates are increasing while homicides are decreasing.
  • The U.S. experiences disproportionately high rates of firearm-related deaths compared to other developed countries, indicating a unique and ongoing public health crisis.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Annual Reviews
@AnnualReviews · X

Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “The Epidemiology of Firearm Violence in the Twenty-First Century United States” by G. Wintemute, discusses trends and implications. #criminaljusticemonth

Mar 19, 2022 · 29 likes · 4 shares · 12,112 followers View post →
The Consortium
@Consortium_RBFP · X

A4: Firearm homicide is the leading cause of death for young Black men aged 15-34. We need policies which stem the flow of illegal firearms into communities of color. #PublicHealth4GVP #NPHW https://t.co/wc92hpU9mD https://t.co/3kmgA8k1EP

Apr 2, 2019 · 3 likes · 4 shares · 1,044 followers View post →
Jacob Franek
@panekkkk · X

@fubuloubu @alexgausman @rekmarks @Ryan0Walker Haha yah this could go all night. The research on this is vast and complex. This review is fairly comprehensive but somewhat outdated now: https://t.co/O4o1X8IlIR

Aug 5, 2019 · 2 likes · 14,695 followers View post →
garbnzgh
@garbnzgh · X

@jimsciutto Frame it as a public health crisis? https://t.co/m64IiPLLlA

May 27, 2021 · 2 likes · 1 share · 2,771 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@parody1323 @davidhogg111 Wrong. E.g., the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Feb 21, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@rattyrn @AshleyGWinter "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males... At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Jan 25, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,065 followers View post →

All mentions

Professor Michael Flood
@MichaelGLFlood · X

@taqiyyamcknbrd @SasQuatchamo1 Do you ever wonder why the US has uniquely high rates of homicide among Western industrialised countries? Literally 20 to 240 times as high as other countries? While its rates of physical assault are similar to those of other countries. It's the guns. https://t.co/xHzI5xlroX

Aug 18, 2025 · 23,827 followers View post →
steve sumner: 360° of HUMANITY in all directions
@steveasumner.bsky.social · Bluesky

Although mass killings get the most press, by far, the main cause of firearm deaths in 2015 was suicide, not combat fatalities, accidents, or homicides, according to the CDC and The Epidemiology of Firearm Violence in the 21st Century.

Jun 25, 2025 · 1 share View post →
ed
@ed__s1 · X

@qunzter @PicturesFoIder hello https://t.co/xNrlgD6EaW. > Top 7 with the top 6 being not well developed countries ( ranked by total ) https://t.co/px2Lbi8Oa3 > The US ranks first for rates of firearm homicides among high-income countries with populations over 10 million. https://t.co/2v2CdMoneY

Aug 28, 2024 · 282 followers View post →
Mark
@DogeRespecter77 · X

@mlodydrut @87Mchd @cro_vv @AntyKonfiarz Wintermute, "The Epidemiology of Firearm Violence in the Twenty-First Century United States"

Jul 18, 2024 · 108 followers View post →
Steve Howard
@stevesurrey1 · X

@MainelyFedUp @Michell56246709 Wintemute GJ. The epidemiology of firearm violence in the twenty-first century United States. Annu Rev Public Health 2015;36:5-19.

Feb 16, 2024 · 1 like · 7,392 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@krassenstein @SamCKx The murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk So "Common Sense Regulations" end up being incredibly racist. Not that Mike Bloomberg didn't try. As NYC mayor he had his cops

Feb 15, 2024 · 1 like · 2,065 followers View post →
Ed Goppelt
@edgoppelt · X

@IanCopeland5 https://t.co/FB3AGzUb6z

Dec 15, 2023 · 1 like · 538 followers View post →
Alice Olsen
@aliceolsen816 · X

@Cloaker2nd @geoffkoch @YeetCannon556 Here's one:https://t.co/62JMebVrj9 Now, here's your assignment: in less than 20 words tell me what the reasons might be.

Aug 18, 2023 · 461 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@Schnauzerdaddy6 @ZekeStonekiller @97Percentorg "...At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jul 15, 2023 · 1 like · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@charleymoonpie @GIFFORDS_org 2/ The murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jul 8, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@MaryLouGrier1 I'm a toxicologist, statistics is out bread and butter. E.g., the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jun 30, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@imagnoreligion @RyanMarino @NRA Better job than you think. Dallas county suburbs, where I grew up have some of the lowest homicide rates in the country. E.g., in 2011, Plano had a homicide rate of 0.4/100K, less that half that of the UK. Most gun homicides are inner city https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Jun 22, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@NewtownAction @10TV @ohioceasefire "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males through much of the life span. in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jun 16, 2023 · 1 like · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@RealCedricDark @tmprowell @aafp My reference notes that the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. I assume this is because of "poverty and racism" but admit I cannot prove this. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

May 11, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@ChrisMurphyCT Poverty, not guns. "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

May 9, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@RealCedricDark @tmprowell @aafp Don't forget the really big variables, poverty and racism. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

May 9, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
cass
@cass1us · X

@xOldJarHeadx @jeffbradley @JoJoFromJerz "Compared with other industrialized nations, the United States has uniquely high mortality rates from firearm violence." Ergo it's the opposite of what you state. https://t.co/lIAmiFd8H2

May 8, 2023 · 195 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@ChrisMurphyCT Mainly, a problem of inner city poverty, not firearms. But if you admit it, you might have to do something about it. Thus, the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Apr 30, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@MichaelShurkin Depends. Mostly due to poverty, the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. Outside these groups, you are safe enough. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Apr 26, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@Everytown Take out Homicides secondary to urban poverty and the US homicide rate becomes "European". "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males through much of the life span (Figure 5). https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Apr 19, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@ReverendWashy @SteeleDaddy Almost all of that "11,000" is young minority males. Leave them and traditional southern whites out, the US homicide rate is almost European. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Apr 10, 2023 · 1 like · 2,065 followers View post →
StarvinLarry
@StarvinLarry · X

RT @peterproctor: @WoodrowForCO It's complicated. E.g., "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least fiv…

Mar 11, 2023 · 1 share · 24,211 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@WoodrowForCO It's complicated. E.g., "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Mar 11, 2023 · 1 like · 1 share · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@parody1323 @davidhogg111 Wrong. E.g., the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Feb 21, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@les61410 @LibertyNeverSlp @RBReich "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males... At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Feb 14, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@kemu808 @lindyli "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males.... At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Jan 31, 2023 · 1 like · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@itsmyrealname10 @IDoTheThinking Hispanic males too. "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Jan 25, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@rattyrn @AshleyGWinter "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males... At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Jan 25, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,065 followers View post →
Lisa Brenner
@LisaBre85466260 · X

RT @peterproctor: @davidhogg111 The quandry-- Any viable solution is inherently racist. "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate…

Jan 22, 2023 · 1 share · 172 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@davidhogg111 The quandry-- Any viable solution is inherently racist. "At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jan 22, 2023 · 1 share · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@DonPlummer9 @lindyli Leave out the 20-fold + greater homicide rate among young minority males and the US homicide rate is practically "European". Besides which, nothing works. So all you do is elect Republicans. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jan 8, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@DonPlummer9 @lindyli Everything has been tried. Nothing works. All you have done is alienate the Dem's working class base and elect Republicans. Anyway, a problem of poverty, not guns. The homicide rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers,. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jan 5, 2023 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@JohnsonWonky @_Peace_Love_US Only if you count gang shootings. Middle class people flatly don't shoot each other. Gun violence has much to do with poverty and little to do with guns per se. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk /1

Dec 31, 2022 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@cindybryce61 @_Peace_Love_US Because the overwhelming majority of firearms crimes are committed by young minority males, such measures are inherently racist. https://t.co/hoDITjqorS

Dec 30, 2022 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@barbteed @mmpadellan "Homicide risk is concentrated to a remarkable degree among Black males....At ages 20–29 in 2012, the firearm homicide rate for Black males was at least five times higher than that for Hispanic males and at least 20 times that for White males." https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Dec 24, 2022 · 2,065 followers View post →
Sheila Barnhart
@SheilaBarnhart6 · X

@JakeLindgren3 @jrowland69 @Thankful4Usa @B52Malmet https://t.co/1RjiwQZTrR

Dec 13, 2022 · 622 followers View post →
SateleShan
@SateleShan5 · X

@WelshGoodLife @WalterRothbard @pinkboots4ever @NoLieWithBTC @CBSNews https://t.co/Gf9NF1xr0M https://t.co/WSW8hoPVtq https://t.co/wywImkRJk5 https://t.co/3Z2gHikkxp https://t.co/ACitYckkdb

Jun 8, 2022 · 22 followers View post →
Leslie
@azessie · X

@tingler_l @Ilhan https://t.co/MMfrAL8L3N https://t.co/yerRI2yllr

May 18, 2022 · 1 like · 28 followers View post →
Cork
@corkzillaWVU · X

@senecathayouth @OpoeWedersmeer @Gerru88017813 @travisc65217397 @pattonoswalt Numbers where homicides rate; thought they were gun crime rate. Even still, this data shows an increase in gun death rate after your 1968 legislation that you think would have caused a decrease https://t.co/I2tWGrR0Oi

May 17, 2022 · 261 followers View post →
dtf1947
@dtf1947 · X

RT @AnnualReviews: Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “Th…

Mar 22, 2022 · 4 shares · 1,232 followers View post →
Tauheed
@Taorheed26 · X

RT @AnnualReviews: Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “Th…

Mar 21, 2022 · 4 shares · 94 followers View post →
Prof. dr ABDESSATAR REJEB
@a_rejeb · X

RT @AnnualReviews: Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “Th…

Mar 20, 2022 · 4 shares · 15,737 followers View post →
pat micheletti
@pmicheletti · X

RT @AnnualReviews: Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “Th…

Mar 19, 2022 · 4 shares · 1,507 followers View post →
Annual Reviews
@AnnualReviews · X

Firearm-related injuries are among the 5 leading causes of death for people ages 1-64 in the US. Our review article, “The Epidemiology of Firearm Violence in the Twenty-First Century United States” by G. Wintemute, discusses trends and implications. #criminaljusticemonth

Mar 19, 2022 · 29 likes · 4 shares · 12,112 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@Everytown Fix the social and economic problems that cause young black males to shoot each other at 20-fold+ the rate of their peers and you might accomplish something. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Aug 18, 2021 · 2,065 followers View post →
The Mysterious Mr. Niner
@karmadea · X

@J264B @shannonrwatts https://t.co/0D5u9rmNIN

Aug 3, 2021 · 81 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@shannonrwatts It's complicated. E.g., the murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jul 8, 2021 · 2,065 followers View post →
Peter H Proctor MD, PhD
@peterproctor · X

@meaghang @shannonrwatts @MomsDemand @Everytown The murder rate of young black males is "20-fold plus" that of their peers, that of Hispanics, about 4-fold-plus. https://t.co/hoDITjpQCk

Jun 7, 2021 · 2,065 followers View post →
Never Give Up!
@OBTinia · X

RT @garbnzgh: @jimsciutto Frame it as a public health crisis? https://t.co/m64IiPLLlA

May 27, 2021 · 1 share · 5,368 followers View post →
garbnzgh
@garbnzgh · X

@jimsciutto Frame it as a public health crisis? https://t.co/m64IiPLLlA

May 27, 2021 · 2 likes · 1 share · 2,771 followers View post →
Fightin' Liberals
@Fightin_Liberal · X

@MrEugeneStoner @PricevHasty @nationalrifle Yeah? I figured as much. Just like I am laughing at you and your ammosexuality. https://t.co/54riOgMgRn

Apr 7, 2021 · 171 followers View post →
vlad
@dovgvlad · X

White male population sees the most increase in suicides by firearm compared to other groups. Anti gun lobby like @teamtrace @MomsDemand and others will never explicitly mention this as it is not politically correct. https://t.co/R8NDWnWkE6

Jun 21, 2020 · 6,975 followers View post →
vlad
@dovgvlad · X

There is a reason why anti gun lobby always tries to conflate suicides with homicides using firearm: the suicides are increasing while homicides are going down. From Epidemiology of Firearm Violance in 21st Century in US. https://t.co/R8NDWnWkE6

Jun 21, 2020 · 6,975 followers View post →
Professor Michael Flood
@MichaelGLFlood · X

@TheGraviter @everygoodman @jacksontkatz Compared to other Western, industrialised countries. The US has uniquely high rates of firearm homicide, far higher than other countries’ rates. See p. 15 of this: https://t.co/xHzI5x3iaP https://t.co/yyDrmak1uJ

May 10, 2020 · 23,827 followers View post →
Chris Prener
@chrisprener · X

Absolutely not just an urban issue, but a good time to remind folks that "injury by firearm" as a cause for mortality could be accidental, suicide, or homicide. Suicides are the leading cause of firearm mortality nationally, and their rate is growing - see https://t.co/FVjbTmhaW1 https://t.co/teKOft8LAo

Aug 28, 2019 · 5,649 followers View post →
Jacob Franek
@panekkkk · X

@fubuloubu @alexgausman @rekmarks @Ryan0Walker Haha yah this could go all night. The research on this is vast and complex. This review is fairly comprehensive but somewhat outdated now: https://t.co/O4o1X8IlIR

Aug 5, 2019 · 2 likes · 14,695 followers View post →
Brad Fini
@bradfordfini · X

@igorvolsky Source https://t.co/EQhjxb2PDU (note I do not have any specific data for AL, but 62% of gun deaths in the USA are by suicide)

May 15, 2019 · 40 followers View post →
Vicka Chaplin
@vickachaplin · X

RT @Consortium_RBFP: A4: Firearm homicide is the leading cause of death for young Black men aged 15-34. We need policies which stem the flo…

Apr 2, 2019 · 4 shares · 769 followers View post →
PublicHealthMaps
@PublicHealthMap · X

RT @Consortium_RBFP: A4: Firearm homicide is the leading cause of death for young Black men aged 15-34. We need policies which stem the flo…

Apr 2, 2019 · 4 shares · 6,352 followers View post →
Johns Hopkins Center for Gun Violence Solutions
@JHU_CGVS · X

RT @Consortium_RBFP: A4: Firearm homicide is the leading cause of death for young Black men aged 15-34. We need policies which stem the flo…

Apr 2, 2019 · 4 shares · 4,218 followers View post →
The Consortium
@Consortium_RBFP · X

A4: Firearm homicide is the leading cause of death for young Black men aged 15-34. We need policies which stem the flow of illegal firearms into communities of color. #PublicHealth4GVP #NPHW https://t.co/wc92hpU9mD https://t.co/3kmgA8k1EP

Apr 2, 2019 · 3 likes · 4 shares · 1,044 followers View post →
Chris Prener
@chrisprener · X

Short reading list - Morgan 2018 on pubic perceptions (https://t.co/PFXVvnNUjQ) and Wintemute 2015 on firearm epidemiology (https://t.co/FVjbTmhaW1)

Feb 9, 2019 · 1 like · 5,649 followers View post →