Nature June 2015 PMID 25731166

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe.

Wolfgang Haak, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Bastien Llamas, Guido Brandt, Susanne Nordenfelt, Eadaoin Harney, Kristin Stewardson, Qiaomei Fu, Alissa Mittnik, Eszter Bánffy, Christos Economou, Michael Francken

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222
Peak: 5 in Dec 2023
across 7 sources since Mar 2015

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Discussions revolve around strong support for the steppe migration theory, with multiple references to authoritative studies like Haak et al. (2015) and debates over genetic versus cultural interpretations, evident in tone choices like 'falácia' and critical comments on methodology, which reflect both trust and skepticism toward the findings.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions support the idea that historical migrations, especially from the steppe, significantly influenced European ancestry and languages.

InterestHigh interest

The topic of ancient migrations and their linguistic impact sparks high academic and personal curiosity, reflected in detailed references and debates.

EngagementModerate engagement

Postings show active participation, with some referencing specific genetic studies and others challenging interpretations, indicating thoughtful engagement.

ImpactModerate impact

The topic influences current understanding of European origins and language development, though the debates remain part of ongoing research rather than definitive consensus.

Abstract in brief

  • Researchers analyzed ancient DNA from 69 Europeans dating back 8,000 to 3,000 years using advanced techniques that reduced sequencing time significantly, enabling the study of more individuals.
  • They discovered that during the Neolithic period, diverse populations of early farmers emerged in Western Europe while Eastern Europe maintained a distinct hunter-gatherer population with ties to ancient Siberians.
  • The study also highlighted a major migration event around 4,500 years ago, where the Corded Ware people from Germany mixed heavily with steppe herders from the east, contributing to modern European ancestry and supporting the theory of a steppe origin for some Indo-European languages.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Mulo el Wornikais
@wornikarghh · X

"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-european languages in Europe" https://t.co/dCWGVncn8h

Jan 28, 2021 · 22 likes · 4 shares · 600 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

@GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4#article-info Nature, 2015 Haak W,etal.(2015) Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European-European languages in Europe.

May 19, 2023 · 15 likes · 4 shares · 18,745 followers View post →
David Stifter
@ChronHib · X

@gwalkden ...in Europe.” Nature 522, no. 7555 (2015): 207–11. https://t.co/OTbipJUNUR, is rather fundamental. I hope that a fundamental book on this, to which I have contributed, will appear soon.

Jan 11, 2022 · 12 likes · 4,992 followers View post →
David Stifter
@ChronHib · X

@gwalkden ...Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, is probably already a bit dated. Haak, Wolfgang, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Bastien Llamas, Guido Brandt et al. “Massive Migration from the Steppe Was a Source for Indo-European Languages...

Jan 11, 2022 · 7 likes · 4,992 followers View post →
Nianello6
@nianello6 · X

@Bannedfrmtwitte "Northern Europeans have Yamnaya ancestry whilst Meds don’t." Wrong. All European groups have Yamnaya ancestry, but Southern groups have somewhat less than Northern ones. This was all pretty well established by ~2500 BC. https://t.co/Xk2uC9NMDV https://t.co/c9FBaRkhMe

Nov 1, 2024 · 7 likes · 2,617 followers View post →
الجـيـنـوم الأثــري ❲ض❳
@Geno_Mena · X

مخطط الخلائط الوراثية من دراسة Haak et al. 2015 اللون البنفسجي يمثل المكون العربي / الشمال إفريقي اللون الأخضر يمثل المكون القوقازي / الإيراني Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/im3TiZGBOv https://t.co/k9U9Q2tGEK

Feb 10, 2019 · 4 likes · 11,874 followers View post →

All mentions

Gemsofindology GoI
@gemsofindology.bsky.social · Bluesky

2️⃣8️⃣ 2. Gimbutas, M. (1991). *The Civilization of the Goddess: The World of Old Europe*. HarperCollins. ### Bronze Age Steppe Migration and Male Bias 3. Haak, W., et al. (2015). Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. *Nature*, 522, 207–211.

Sep 27, 2025 · 1 share View post →
Tnrt
@Tnrt1271076 · X

@38point58square @jonatanpallesen Haak et al fig.3 it’s written https://t.co/hvMSJaaO44

Sep 19, 2025 · 1 like · 84 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@tuuy210210 @abelsoar1960 @RC4RD050 @rpdsousa Isso é uma falácia, uma falácia que já não cola, quem vem falar de "purezas" são sempre os que querem negar as identidades dos povos e as existencias das nações europeias. Os portugueses como o resto dos europeus descendem de 3 populações ancestrais: https://t.co/h5ueR4Q9wi

Aug 8, 2025 · 98 followers View post →
C-J
@CJUNilsson · X

@Nymne Modern Scandinavians—including both Danes and Swedes—have a substantial proportion of their ancestry from these steppe migrants. https://t.co/OqtH28NJUf

Jul 29, 2025 · 965 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@Mike_Braz90 @MorTony13 Isso não é verdade, os ibéricos como o resto dos europeus, são mais de 95% do adn de 3 populações ancestrais, os agricultores do neolitico, os yamnaya indo-europeus e os caçadores recolectores. Haak et al: https://t.co/h5ueR4Q9wi

Jul 21, 2025 · 98 followers View post →
my name is ozymandias
@THEWelshUgandan · X

@angloceltqueen @Imaginely2 @41below @RupertLowe10 Haak, W., Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N., Rohland, N., Mallick, S., Llamas, B.,... & Reich, D. (2015). Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature, 522, 207–211. https://t.co/TAfDijSLYO

Jul 7, 2025 · 509 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@CazadorPe @TintoLusitanum Essa questão é uma falácia, nenhum povo desceden de uma só população, o que acontece na Europa é que os europeus descendem do mesmo combo de populações europeias ou macro-caucasoides https://t.co/h5ueR4Q9wi

Jun 11, 2025 · 1 like · 98 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@Ricardo28050273 @PedroCo27976241 @Rui_Cavaleiro_ Isso ocorreu onde? na sua imaginação? Portugal é altamente homogeneo, os portugueses e espanhois são essencialmente o mesmo combo que o resto da Europa: - Caçadores Recolectores, Proto-indo-europeus da idade do bronze e os Agricultores do Neolítico https://t.co/2G0IOPsQy1

May 22, 2025 · 98 followers View post →
Talk With Saul
@talkwithsaul.bsky.social · Bluesky

Haak et al., Nature, 2015 ➤ "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" ➤ doi.org/10.1038/natu... Behar et al., Nature Communications, 2010 ➤ "The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people" ➤ doi.org/10.1038/ncom...

May 18, 2025 · 1 share View post →
Tomas Bjuhr - Lögnjägaren
@tomas_bjuhr · X

@HLundb14 Källor: Haak et al. (2015) https://t.co/3Jcn5NWB8O Lazaridis et al. (2014) https://t.co/FQSkX9Uscg

May 10, 2025 · 427 followers View post →
Paininbuttocks
@Paininbuttocks · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com…

Mar 26, 2025 · 4 shares · 3,158 followers View post →
Astral Root
@AstralRoot1 · X

@slandermepls @owlcosmas @ST0NEHENGE The first image is the 2015 study by Haak et al., titled "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe," published in Nature. Nature is a highly prestigious journal and one of the leading publications for peer-reviewed genetics research.

Mar 5, 2025 · 19 followers View post →
Duarte R Casimiro
@DCasimiro22821 · X

@FKNMXAGAINMFK @AfonsoJFG Para quê ainda mais, já te mostrei acima, que existe um cluster genético onde caiem todos os portugueses no meio da Europa, e acabaste de o fazer também, não é que os conseguisses perceber, pelo menos pela conversa, mas cá fica: https://t.co/E45LO8EhSH

Mar 3, 2025 · 158 followers View post →
Astral Root
@AstralRoot1 · X

@MalachaymRabaym @La____griffe "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" https://t.co/eKNKHYwusu https://t.co/M3Cc4bahkW

Feb 18, 2025 · 1 like · 19 followers View post →
Ricardo Martins
@r-martins.bsky.social · Bluesky

Ten years since the revolutionary Haak et al. 2015, Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Amazing ten years

Feb 6, 2025 · 1 like View post →
Viajantestoria2
@Viajantestoria2 · X

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe: https://t.co/kZiuy3oqer The Yana RHS Site: Humans in the Arctic before the Last Glacial Maximum: https://t.co/1Wmwl9Vf1r Ancient DNA and Neanderthals: https://t.co/IuClkp4tea

Jan 18, 2025 · 2 likes · 6,700 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@picomaga1 @AfonsoJFG E colocares 1 link onde está explicito que se trata de haplotipos a imagem e mesmo assim não conseguires perceber a diferença entre linhagens uniparentais (nem é 0,1% do adn humano) e adn autosomal (a totalidade do adn - admixture recombinatório) diz tudo. https://t.co/Ugr6Utp3GM

Jan 7, 2025 · 2 likes · 98 followers View post →
T_hSouto
@TSouto40355 · X

@NemThePope @karioka_pistola @Bez9611 @racismocontrapt Já te expliquei, e nem com desenhos conseguiste entender: https://t.co/UCMhpWqt91

Dec 27, 2024 · 98 followers View post →
Günther P.
@die_vorsehung · X

@WinningFactory @Nzh2Nzh2590781 @TurkishArc Sources: Feldman, M., et al. (2022). Ancient DNA sheds light on population dynamics in the Aegean Bronze Age. Science Advances. Haak, W., et al. (2015). Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature

Dec 14, 2024 · 62 followers View post →
Duarte R Casimiro
@DCasimiro22821 · X

@OpiniaoCensurad @leastracist_eur @nunomgabriel_ Os portugueses tal como o resto dos europeus descendem de 3 populações ancestrais, tal como o resto da Europa: https://t.co/80DE450RRC os Barcin/agricultores do neolitico, os Caçadores Recolectores/whg e os Yamanya.

Nov 11, 2024 · 158 followers View post →
Nianello6
@nianello6 · X

@Bannedfrmtwitte "Northern Europeans have Yamnaya ancestry whilst Meds don’t." Wrong. All European groups have Yamnaya ancestry, but Southern groups have somewhat less than Northern ones. This was all pretty well established by ~2500 BC. https://t.co/Xk2uC9NMDV https://t.co/c9FBaRkhMe

Nov 1, 2024 · 7 likes · 2,617 followers View post →
Nanabiel
@Nanabiel14 · X

@marienicolaisen @karijo007 @YorHa_K1 @robin_tveit Studien er dessverre bak en betalingsmur. Den første linken er selve studien, men du kan se den tilhørende grafen under "figures" på link nummer 2 https://t.co/BdUskihuUQ https://t.co/d8E5HUIqnz

Oct 12, 2024 · 589 followers View post →
Duarte R Casimiro
@DCasimiro22821 · X

@JohnDooooooooo @prata_roque Como estás a ver que nada sabes do assunto tens que vir com ad-hominem, os seus estudos têm quase 20 anos já desmontados pela ciência moderna, são sobre linhagens uniparentais que não é sequer 1% do adn de uma população. Não tenho que inventar: https://t.co/E45LO8DK39

Sep 30, 2024 · 158 followers View post →
Sylvebarbe
@Sylvvebarbe · X

@Nun_tilde_ez_M @zloubitch @PerfettiGuilla1 @orsalieu @FrDesouche https://t.co/Mnnk5idEzj

Aug 19, 2024 · 1 like · 288 followers View post →
JJ
@VhJao · X

@dreddmustdie @Iotti999 ?! Literalmente é de um artigo da nature https://t.co/NnOfqM6dyt and https://t.co/gHiYTds3Xd a figura vem deste artigo porém é pago mas a fonte em si possui mais de mil citações além da tal também estar publicada na nature.

Mar 6, 2024 · 173 followers View post →
Nilakantha
@Nilakantha98751 · X

@Devasakha Second, the migration of steppe people to the rest of Europe may have been, by and large, peaceful with a few events of violence. The image is from the paper: Haak et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature (2015) . + https://t.co/EyuyFKomku

Jan 14, 2024 · 1 like · 142 followers View post →
Genrikh
@yagodah_genrikh · X

@messagetoworld1 @AugustoCotraro Even North and Western Europeans are closer to those Anatolian Farmers https://t.co/ZxSbOoR8ny https://t.co/ZDVRXxndDQ (Data S3) https://t.co/iZZMNTblzv https://t.co/DBzjpGhR7K https://t.co/9RxzipGhrU

Dec 26, 2023 · 1 like · 136 followers View post →
Genrikh
@yagodah_genrikh · X

Populations that share most genetic drift with Western Hunter Gatherers, Neolithic Europeans and Late Neolithic / Bronze Age Europeans https://t.co/iZZMNTblzv https://t.co/EeCYvjFRtl https://t.co/GhoMpmtOIq

Dec 26, 2023 · 1 like · 136 followers View post →
Sir Muppet of Smegg
@GalacTR0N · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @amaragraps A US-Lithuanian's "Steppe Hypothesis" is now proven through comparative mythology, linguistics, archeology…

Dec 24, 2023 · 2 shares · 1,736 followers View post →
Matt Carin
@mattcarin41 · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @amaragraps A US-Lithuanian's "Steppe Hypothesis" is now proven through comparative mythology, linguistics, archeology…

Dec 23, 2023 · 2 shares · 969 followers View post →
Leo von Klenze
@LeoKlenze · X

@VinstonLiBu @lawen4cer Keine Ahnung, was Zucht konzeptionell ändern soll. Eine natürliche Vermischung zweier Unterarten in der Natur hätte als Beispiel auch funktioniert. Die Grafik war von "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" (Haak et al., 2015).

Dec 21, 2023 · 341 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com…

Nov 22, 2023 · 4 shares · 18,745 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

@EspeschitRegina @lucyfedia @UmlandAndreas Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4#article-info Nature, 2015 Haak W,etal.(2015) Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European-European languages in Europe. https://t.co/1iKtb7xKZy https://t.co/nfhR8oIm5v

Nov 13, 2023 · 18,745 followers View post →
Ackermann
@Ackermann_cz · X

@HavelNavzdy @Tom_Rowsell @BlkoJa try this https://t.co/CQvdmZxlbO https://t.co/fFjoL1dceF

Oct 30, 2023 · 4 likes · 761 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com…

Sep 17, 2023 · 4 shares · 18,745 followers View post →
Loren Petrich
@lpetrich · X

@yhettyqueen1_ @instablog9ja Here's a typical example of present-day population-genetics research: https://t.co/lgjEntMf4r -- no mention of traditional race categories, because one finds a much more detailed story, one with plenty of population mixing.

Aug 14, 2023 · 200 followers View post →
Bethe Merle Boston McK.
@BetheMckenzie · X

RT @DecodingTrolls: @GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com…

Jul 19, 2023 · 4 shares · 1,556 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

@GripperSteb Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4#article-info Nature, 2015 Haak W,etal.(2015) Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European-European languages in Europe.

May 19, 2023 · 15 likes · 4 shares · 18,745 followers View post →
pl berzy
@artengo75 · X

@FFoucart @NotaBeneMovies @GIMS Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/st1pWiG48U https://t.co/s3DaWzMlTi

Apr 14, 2023 · 1 like · 2,040 followers View post →
pl berzy
@artengo75 · X

@vpcvernier @RageCultureMag Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/st1pWiG48U https://t.co/MVA4XoXVCQ

Apr 14, 2023 · 2,040 followers View post →
Bois d'Inde
@bois_dinde · X

RT @PBerzy: @TxominHu @LegendesCarto @Linguisticae Figure 1:Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in E…

Dec 13, 2022 · 1 share · 4,094 followers View post →
pl berzy
@artengo75 · X

@TxominHu @LegendesCarto @Linguisticae Figure 1:Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe Figure 2: Genetic population structure across Brittany and the downstream Loire basin provides new insights on the demographic history of Western Europe

Dec 5, 2022 · 2 likes · 1 share · 2,040 followers View post →
Angry Angel
@benavu54 · X

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe | Nature https://t.co/TqBcwxzkdD

Nov 24, 2022 · 4,208 followers View post →
Alejandro Martín
@CopperLokito · X

Allentoft, et al. Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia Gaunitz et al. 2018. Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses. Haak,et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe.

Nov 20, 2022 · 47 followers View post →
brimcmike
@brimcmike · X

@YetAnotherGeekG @TrentTelenko https://t.co/4d3LIGwjan

Nov 6, 2022 · 2,016 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

@amaragraps A US-Lithuanian's "Steppe Hypothesis" is now proven through comparative mythology, linguistics, archeology & DNA sequencing: Marija Gimbetas. ALL indo-european languages were born 3000BCE-1000BCE in eastern Ukraine: (https://t.co/Sne8t3tDSc & https://t.co/cBj8puCEZK https://t.co/WyPTw6YXee

Oct 25, 2022 · 1 like · 2 shares · 18,745 followers View post →
ಪುಲಿ
@iampv17 · X

@Pulakeshi_II @Earlhastings1 @_agnel @Karnatanjaneya Source :- https://t.co/oRYYkKF6Ag ಇದು ವಿಕ್ಕಿpedia ಅನ್ಬೇಡ.. Idu gov website.

Sep 16, 2022 · 881 followers View post →
Stephen Pimentel
@StephenPiment · X

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/Ou3aOEnBJI

Jun 23, 2022 · 12,812 followers View post →
David Stifter
@ChronHib · X

@gwalkden ...in Europe.” Nature 522, no. 7555 (2015): 207–11. https://t.co/OTbipJUNUR, is rather fundamental. I hope that a fundamental book on this, to which I have contributed, will appear soon.

Jan 11, 2022 · 12 likes · 4,992 followers View post →
David Stifter
@ChronHib · X

@gwalkden ...Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2010, is probably already a bit dated. Haak, Wolfgang, Iosif Lazaridis, Nick Patterson, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Bastien Llamas, Guido Brandt et al. “Massive Migration from the Steppe Was a Source for Indo-European Languages...

Jan 11, 2022 · 7 likes · 4,992 followers View post →
Deus Armenicus
@DArmenicus · X

Nature Volume 522, 2015 Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe >https://t.co/2tPENCkjKQ https://t.co/lYhVxZchs3

Apr 29, 2021 · 1 like · 3,147 followers View post →
Antonio Lopez Garcia
@Antonio_LG · X

RT @Wulnikay: "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-european languages in Europe"

Jan 28, 2021 · 4 shares · 1,752 followers View post →
Pachón
@MmmmmFocas · X

RT @Wulnikay: "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-european languages in Europe" https://t.co/dCWGVncn8h

Jan 28, 2021 · 4 shares · 1,848 followers View post →
Inactivista
@inactivista · X

RT @Wulnikay: "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-european languages in Europe" https://t.co/dCWGVncn8h

Jan 28, 2021 · 4 shares · 271 followers View post →
Mulo el Wornikais
@wornikarghh · X

"Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-european languages in Europe" https://t.co/dCWGVncn8h

Jan 28, 2021 · 22 likes · 4 shares · 600 followers View post →
Vadomarius
@hortarimar · X

@Kirchenburg @goth_pilled @BaerenFelix Ansonsten halt die relevanten Papers zum Thema (allerdings oft mit Zugangsbeschränkung): Allentoft et al. 2015: Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia Haak et al 2015: Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe

Aug 30, 2020 · 853 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@rakeshojjha @BesuraTaansane @LinahAlsaafin @McDonalds KEY REF: 1) Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. BMC Genet. 2006 7:42. 2. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature volume 522,:207–211 2015

Aug 30, 2019 · 383 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@rakeshojjha @BesuraTaansane @LinahAlsaafin @McDonalds KEY REF: 1) Genetic affinities among the lower castes and tribal groups of India: inference from Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA. BMC Genet. 2006 7:42. 2. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature volume 522,:207–211 2015

Aug 30, 2019 · 383 followers View post →
الجـيـنـوم الأثــري ❲ض❳
@Geno_Mena · X

مخطط الخلائط الوراثية من دراسة Haak et al. 2015 اللون البنفسجي يمثل المكون العربي / الشمال إفريقي اللون الأخضر يمثل المكون القوقازي / الإيراني Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/im3TiZGBOv https://t.co/k9U9Q2tGEK

Feb 10, 2019 · 4 likes · 11,874 followers View post →
Stephen Pimentel
@StephenPiment · X

Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe https://t.co/K04bODCX3K

Jan 17, 2019 · 12,812 followers View post →
Paleogenomics - María Ávila Arcos
@paleogenomics.bsky.social · Bluesky

well it’s out in nature now "Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe" http://go.nature.com/kuJmLc

Mar 3, 2015 View post →