Am J Public Health January 2016 PMID 26562114

Sociodemographic Predictors of Vaccination Exemptions on the Basis of Personal Belief in California.

Y Tony Yang, Paul L Delamater, Timothy F Leslie, Michelle M Mello

Mentions

117
Peak: 10 in Apr 2020
across 5 sources since Feb 2018

Extended reach

746,977
potential audience

Total likes

23

Video views

146

Mentions per month

Feb 2018 – Feb 2025

Where it's discussed

  • News53 articles
  • X / Twitter46 posts
  • Blogs10 articles
  • Facebook6 posts
  • YouTube2 videos

AI synopsis

What people are saying

Discussions highlight the study's key findings, such as wealthier, mostly white neighborhoods having higher vaccination exemptions, with posts using strong language like 'interesting' and 'interesting study' to signify their engagement. The tone varies from factual referencing of research to skepticism about vaccination policies, showing both interest and influence on social perceptions.

AgreementStrong agreement

Most discussions support the findings of the study, emphasizing that wealthier, predominantly white communities tend to have higher exemption rates.

InterestHigh interest

Many posts show high curiosity, referencing specific details of the study and its implications, indicating strong engagement with the topic.

EngagementHigh engagement

Posts often cite the study directly, discuss sociodemographic factors, and respond to others, reflecting substantial participation and deep engagement.

ImpactModerate impact

Several users express concerns about social implications and the influence of these patterns on public health policy, indicating moderate perceived impact.

Abstract in brief

  • This study analyzed how sociodemographic factors like income, race, and school type influence the number of students in California who receive personal belief exemption (PBE) vaccinations, finding that these exemptions increased significantly from 2007 to 2013.
  • Higher median household income, a greater percentage of White residents, and private school attendance were linked to higher exemption rates and more rapid increases over time, whereas educational attainment did not have a significant effect.
  • Overall, areas with wealthier, predominantly White populations and private schools tend to have more vaccine exemptions based on personal beliefs, highlighting social and demographic influences on vaccination choices.]

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
AJPH
@AMJPublicHealth · X

LA Times coverage of new statewide poll in CA that shows broad support for a law creating oversight for vaccine medical exemptions cites AJPH study that found personal belief exemptions were more common in areas w/a higher % of White race & higher income https://t.co/U3ygyap3HE https://t.co/nq1b8axAJh

Oct 1, 2019 · 6 likes · 6 shares · 12,469 followers View post →
InThisTogether
@_InThisTogether · X

In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess where the highest rates of "personal belief exemptions" for mandatory vaccinations are? https://t.co/XzIR2cDrZV

Apr 6, 2020 · 3 likes · 4 shares · 21,832 followers View post →
لا للتطعيم
@novaxorg · X

هذا الخبر في العام ٢٠١٥، أي ما قبل سن تشريع يمنع الإعفاءات من التطعيم على أسس دينية أو فلسفية في الولاية الأمريكية. رابط الدراسة https://t.co/UuNbobPX95

Dec 31, 2019 · 3 likes · 3 shares · 20,840 followers View post →
The Real Truther
@thereal_truther · X

@Sheldon_Walker_ Strange response, dude. I'm white AND privileged. So is my entire family. Am I prejudiced against myself & my family? The truth is the majority of those who are anti-vax ARE white & privileged & studies have shown this. https://t.co/gsVATmIIEc

May 21, 2019 · 2 likes · 51,195 followers View post →
The Real Truther
@thereal_truther · X

@Dicky_Paul_95 @immunotoxPhD @ChrisJohnsonMD @mimetic_ @mcfunny @alchemy_april @Believe_Mothers @t3tragrammat0n @DrLovlie @jp_miner @TakeThatCDC @jim_herd @BlueLionBlog @VeritasEver @TioChango_ @JamieConner8 @Boxmenot @BeckyJohnson222 @seaglass34 @itsmepanda1 @NotOfIt7k @ITDarkTiaLight @Ormus9Ormus @TonyBaduy @lawnatural @LifeDorr @WendyOrent @downeyballs @DocMElliott @KevinMcRedmond @doritmi @toppediatrician @ghoppe @kidoctr @BennettKayti @MAhealthforkids @rugbyrhino16 @StopVaxxedLies @mloxton @Monstercoyliar @babyname_maven @Fiddlestix7 @EmmaGPaley @Stephaniethe2nd @Takethatdoctors @P2Jeff @JP1958S @SueQuez @laurast30381821 @TanaSWilliams3 https://t.co/gsVATmIIEc

May 22, 2019 · 1 like · 51,195 followers View post →
MassCentralMedia
@NewsMassCentral · X

The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications https://t.co/XbMrhUvP6W

Feb 19, 2019 · 1 like · 2,139 followers View post →

All mentions

Sham Mitchell
@sham_mitchell5 · X

@thereal_truther @hopeXmeta @RobertKennedyJr @NicoleShanahan They literally say this was modelling in the actual link to the study. https://t.co/qR2bbbEuH3

Feb 26, 2025 · 175 followers View post →
Jydskatomkraft
@Jydskatomkraft · X

@jeppeblak @CarstenEsmark @abel_kit @Jenbas1 Undersøgelser viser også at familier der ikke vaccinerer tjener mere end gennemsnittet. Oftere sender deres børn i privatskole og generelt set har en højere uddannelse og værdsætter videnskabelig litteratur. https://t.co/5wupwPeufI https://t.co/H9WNBZKJTg https://t.co/E3yQIg0wbU

Jan 3, 2024 · 991 followers View post →
Jude (Ban all non-profits & NGO’s)
@jude99_ · X

@realstewpeters @hedleyrees The study. https://t.co/vCBkPNi8o4

Feb 5, 2023 · 3,120 followers View post →
Tinfoil Hat Britney
@TinfoilHatBrit · X

@tongy99 @SpkJayIII @mirt06 @forrestmaready https://t.co/OB7o8Fzc0t

Dec 18, 2022 · 252 followers View post →
Rectificando
@JenniZeats · X

The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications https://t.co/yYzvNGSG5o

Oct 8, 2021 · 157 followers View post →
melissa vetter
@MishaVetter · X

Also it cites a great article that says the majority of antivax people are white and rich, but not more educated. https://t.co/31YsuKxsll

Oct 4, 2021 · 1 like · 73 followers View post →
Gus
@Gus_802 · X

Sociodemographic Predictors of Vaccination Exemptions on the Basis of Personal Belief in California https://t.co/4PKrMe2N5F

Aug 31, 2021 · 5,301 followers View post →
AveKyiv
@AveKyiv · X

@07Sergei27 @Anastasiya02205 https://t.co/WQsjElun4m Количество отказавшихся от прививок не по медицинским показаниям в Калифорнии выросло в 4 раза между 2001 и 2014. В частных школах было в два раза больше отказников, чем в государственных. Процент отказников был выше среди богатых и более образованных.

Jul 3, 2021 · 1 like · 207 followers View post →
RampageNL
@nl_rampage · X

@RickvanSoest @harryhol https://t.co/bD68GjiTFE

Jun 3, 2021 · 66 followers View post →
Ronald B. Saunders
@BlackBuzzNews · X

Sociodemographic Predictors of Vaccination Exemptions on the Basis of Personal Belief in California https://t.co/pX6AWbb53G

Jan 4, 2021 · 1 like · 909 followers View post →
Corlaez
@Corlaez · X

Hello @MichelleM_Mello , I am not sure if you are the author but I was trying to alert the authors that anti vaccination groups are passing this link to spread a theory that people with money does not vaccinate it's children. Maybe they could clarify. https://t.co/r7B3CBk7XY

Dec 14, 2020 · 144 followers View post →
| 卐 मुक्त 卐 |
@MuktTalks · X

@neverstopjamin @karenblavins @SpiritTruthSee1 @JaniceW78256134 @susanstanwix Specific cases, like the Gates' family, are hard to prove one way or other (unless you absolutely trust words of someone, like Melinda Gates is trusted by Reuters here). But, it is settled science that the rich whites have the lowest rate of vaccination. https://t.co/6rSJeyY8yi

Dec 5, 2020 · 385 followers View post →
Стефано Благородный
@muspygbabka · X

@faserone @bonnie379 pare che le elite siano poco propense a vaccinare i propri discendenti. Mentre si impegnano a fondo nell'obbilgare gli altri strati della popolazione a vaccinare i propri. https://t.co/6dDPDwaxlp https://t.co/RbosYplnqp

Aug 12, 2020 · 333 followers View post →
Ttp_Z
@daniTtP5 · X

@SEstrambotico @gonzo_blogger @Tirannyo1 y como podéis en este estudio, en California las familias blancas y con altos ingresos son las que en mayor porcentaje no vacunan a sus hijos. https://t.co/x0jl2Tug5z

Jun 21, 2020 · 2,473 followers View post →
Sweetie
@JustTalking123 · X

@MarcusBlimi A. You're too dumb to read the study itself.. but here you go https://t.co/jOngx9c44x B. It says "don't vaccinate", what does that mean "pro-vaccine"? Idiot.

Jun 15, 2020 · 262 followers View post →
Sly Woof
@SlysPet · X

@ekimsllew @girlygirlsguide @AliBeckZeck Here is the study quoted: https://t.co/d7XrGel7kA

May 13, 2020 · 1,019 followers View post →
LEON_ALBA
@INT_LEONALBA · X

@ckchumley Personal Belief or Asymmetric Information (Risk)? https://t.co/giDt6RJtI0 https://t.co/opYtIDBg7M

Apr 13, 2020 · 738 followers View post →
soheil keynejad
@soheilkeynejad · X

RT @vogler79: Interesting study. The richest whitest neighborhoods of CA were most likely to opt of vaccines. https://t.co/GVLSyxb0p2 https…

Apr 7, 2020 · 1 share · 612 followers View post →
Daniel Vogler
@vogler79 · X

Interesting study. The richest whitest neighborhoods of CA were most likely to opt of vaccines. https://t.co/GVLSyxb0p2 https://t.co/9QXfWGFeYg

Apr 7, 2020 · 1 share · 1,213 followers View post →
Paulina Saluda
@PaulinaSaluda · X

RT @_InThisTogether: In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess w…

Apr 6, 2020 · 4 shares · 14 followers View post →
Albert Trigg
@Alberttrigg · X

RT @_InThisTogether: In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess w…

Apr 6, 2020 · 4 shares · 3,897 followers View post →
Himalayan Salt Lamp
@LightWorkerUS · X

RT @_InThisTogether: In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess w…

Apr 6, 2020 · 4 shares · 13 followers View post →
Alf Megoa
@AlfMegoa · X

RT @_InThisTogether: In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess w…

Apr 6, 2020 · 4 shares · 1,615 followers View post →
InThisTogether
@_InThisTogether · X

In California, where the so called Elite live in their mansions in places like Los Altos and Piedmont, can you guess where the highest rates of "personal belief exemptions" for mandatory vaccinations are? https://t.co/XzIR2cDrZV

Apr 6, 2020 · 3 likes · 4 shares · 21,832 followers View post →
Donna Guess
@dkhnguess · X

RT @identityAsXY: @tracybirk1 @Gigiscik @mbogo_mukuha @USVICTORY @HYVEE7 . See this https://t.co/vVnnAFVbgB and this .... https://t.co/STk…

Apr 5, 2020 · 1 share · 438 followers View post →
BB Stormchaser
@identityAsXY · X

@tracybirk1 @Gigiscik @mbogo_mukuha @USVICTORY @HYVEE7 . See this https://t.co/vVnnAFVbgB and this .... https://t.co/STkTeMMOw0

Apr 5, 2020 · 1 like · 1 share · 520 followers View post →
LEON_ALBA
@INT_LEONALBA · X

@CBSLA Not Racism! Possibly a Social Compliance and Obedience Experiment! 1. https://t.co/ZxmrAvRwrI 2. https://t.co/fl1GrhGMnJ 3. https://t.co/KuiiG4VB4o 4. https://t.co/i3FAY693xS https://t.co/KHCou18dVi

Feb 23, 2020 · 738 followers View post →
LEON_ALBA
@INT_LEONALBA · X

@HelenBranswell Not Racism! Possibly a Social Compliance and Obedience Experiment! 1. https://t.co/ZxmrAvRwrI 2. https://t.co/fl1GrhGMnJ 3. https://t.co/KuiiG4VB4o 4. https://t.co/SV5UuqELzD https://t.co/DIpi6L4UyD

Feb 23, 2020 · 738 followers View post →
الجمال الصارخ
@lulee0_0 · X

RT @novaxorg: هذا الخبر في العام ٢٠١٥، أي ما قبل سن تشريع يمنع الإعفاءات من التطعيم على أسس دينية أو فلسفية في الولاية الأمريكية. رابط الد…

Jan 1, 2020 · 3 shares · 85 followers View post →
فوزية أحمد العرفج
@Tybahaltybah1 · X

RT @novaxorg: هذا الخبر في العام ٢٠١٥، أي ما قبل سن تشريع يمنع الإعفاءات من التطعيم على أسس دينية أو فلسفية في الولاية الأمريكية. رابط الد…

Jan 1, 2020 · 3 shares · 271 followers View post →
لا للتطعيم
@novaxorg · X

هذا الخبر في العام ٢٠١٥، أي ما قبل سن تشريع يمنع الإعفاءات من التطعيم على أسس دينية أو فلسفية في الولاية الأمريكية. رابط الدراسة https://t.co/UuNbobPX95

Dec 31, 2019 · 3 likes · 3 shares · 20,840 followers View post →
Public Hlth Ed & HP
@APHA_PHEHP · X

RT @AMJPublicHealth: LA Times coverage of new statewide poll in CA that shows broad support for a law creating oversight for vaccine medica…

Oct 1, 2019 · 6 shares · 2,638 followers View post →
(((Liz Ditz))). Mask up, y'all. Viruses are real.
@lizditz · X

RT @AMJPublicHealth: LA Times coverage of new statewide poll in CA that shows broad support for a law creating oversight for vaccine medica…

Oct 1, 2019 · 6 shares · 10,481 followers View post →
APHA
@PublicHealth · X

RT @AMJPublicHealth: LA Times coverage of new statewide poll in CA that shows broad support for a law creating oversight for vaccine medica…

Oct 1, 2019 · 6 shares · 475,368 followers View post →
AJPH
@AMJPublicHealth · X

LA Times coverage of new statewide poll in CA that shows broad support for a law creating oversight for vaccine medical exemptions cites AJPH study that found personal belief exemptions were more common in areas w/a higher % of White race & higher income https://t.co/U3ygyap3HE https://t.co/nq1b8axAJh

Oct 1, 2019 · 6 likes · 6 shares · 12,469 followers View post →
Scott Myers
@ScottMyers20 · X

@EgidiaPlain @epochchanger That study shows no such thing. Personal exemption rates are higher among high SES whites, but still very low. The vast majority of "elites" defined this way vaccinate their children. https://t.co/u1fgNr8nFQ

Jun 8, 2019 · 1 like · 1,211 followers View post →
The Real Truther
@thereal_truther · X

@Dicky_Paul_95 @immunotoxPhD @ChrisJohnsonMD @mimetic_ @mcfunny @alchemy_april @Believe_Mothers @t3tragrammat0n @DrLovlie @jp_miner @TakeThatCDC @jim_herd @BlueLionBlog @VeritasEver @TioChango_ @JamieConner8 @Boxmenot @BeckyJohnson222 @seaglass34 @itsmepanda1 @NotOfIt7k @ITDarkTiaLight @Ormus9Ormus @TonyBaduy @lawnatural @LifeDorr @WendyOrent @downeyballs @DocMElliott @KevinMcRedmond @doritmi @toppediatrician @ghoppe @kidoctr @BennettKayti @MAhealthforkids @rugbyrhino16 @StopVaxxedLies @mloxton @Monstercoyliar @babyname_maven @Fiddlestix7 @EmmaGPaley @Stephaniethe2nd @Takethatdoctors @P2Jeff @JP1958S @SueQuez @laurast30381821 @TanaSWilliams3 https://t.co/gsVATmIIEc

May 22, 2019 · 1 like · 51,195 followers View post →
The Real Truther
@thereal_truther · X

@Sheldon_Walker_ Strange response, dude. I'm white AND privileged. So is my entire family. Am I prejudiced against myself & my family? The truth is the majority of those who are anti-vax ARE white & privileged & studies have shown this. https://t.co/gsVATmIIEc

May 21, 2019 · 2 likes · 51,195 followers View post →
The Real Truther
@thereal_truther · X

@Carious1 @Takethatdoctors https://t.co/gsVATmIIEc

May 20, 2019 · 51,195 followers View post →
«Nègre en thèse»
@_kanibe_ · X

There are more anti-vaxxers among people with higher education. It's educated people behaving stupidly and trying to legitimize it over debunked, controversial, non peer-reviewed or just outdated science. https://t.co/uJS380P86p https://t.co/5n9vRMJxtM

May 13, 2019 · 1,888 followers View post →
Bidinflation
@OrthDc · X

@TheFrankmanMN @fiski70 @AbigailShrier https://t.co/eTulGrFtK8

Apr 6, 2019 · 294 followers View post →
Jason
@JATetro · X

@debnantz @jim_herd @Stonekeeper3 @PharmaNemesis @LaLaRueFrench75 @stop_psych_take @2ndfor1st @VaccineUK @lawnatural @DocMeehan @markjarthur @eTweeetz @SharylAttkisson @mmelgar09 @DrMilesDC @DrMichaelMaster @ThisMomHCN @sadams121 @therealroseanne @Hollyberry1964 @annarkea @and_kell @POTUS @TannersDad @MyRedmoon77 @delbigtree @RobertKennedyJr @JennyMcCarthy @FLOTUS @realDonaldTrump @WhiteHouse @DrWakefield @WHO Or so you think...as diversity increases, so will vaccinations. https://t.co/VYZl73bM8O

Mar 1, 2019 · 12,195 followers View post →
MassCentralMedia
@NewsMassCentral · X

The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications https://t.co/XbMrhUvP6W

Feb 19, 2019 · 1 like · 2,139 followers View post →
'Dr.' AZ_TNO
@AZ_TNO · X

@yashar @JacobAWohl People with higher education tend to have lower vaccination participation rates... what do they know that you don't... https://t.co/OiJXNV1dIi

Feb 10, 2019 · 1 like · 599 followers View post →
DaveDismantled
@filijd · X

Wonder why all the wealthy folks in California - mostly Caucasian (as I am) - are increasingly exempting their kids from vaccination.... according to this study. Not pro-vax or anti-vax. I am opposed to legislating people's choices. https://t.co/qCrj2dy0Hi

Jan 20, 2019 · 217 followers View post →
Trisstina Tone
@itsMalma · X

Yo @RealJeffHoliday did you see this before? "Conclusions. Personal belief exemptions are more common in areas with a higher percentage of White race and higher income." https://t.co/5AIotm3AWR

Jan 11, 2019 · 4,203 followers View post →