Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A February 2016 PMID 26811443

Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure.

Analabha Basu, Neeta Sarkar-Roy, Partha P Majumder

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Mentions

79
Peak: 5 in Oct 2020
across 6 sources since Sep 2019

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Sep 2019 – Nov 2025

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Overall, the discussions reflect a strong consensus on the importance of the genetic study, with users referencing historical periods like the Gupta empire and details about endogamy and admixture, demonstrating high engagement and interest. The tone ranges from informative to slightly provocative regarding social implications, highlighting the study's potential impact on understanding India's social fabric.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions support the findings, citing the study as solid evidence for genetic influences on social structures like caste and endogamy.

InterestHigh interest

The discussions demonstrate high interest, with many referencing multiple papers, historical contexts, and implications for understanding Indian society.

EngagementModerate engagement

Several posts deep dive into details, quoting specific periods (Gupta era, 70 generations ago) and genetic findings, indicating meaningful engagement.

ImpactHigh impact

There is a recognition of significant social and political implications, especially concerning the origins of caste and its influence on modern societal structures.

Abstract in brief

  • The study identifies five distinct ancestral components in Indian populations, highlighting a complex genetic history that was previously underestimated with only two major ancestries.
  • Analysis of genome data from various Indian groups and the HGDP panel shows widespread admixture among mainland populations, with notable population-specific ancestral backgrounds, including a unique ancestry in the Andaman Islands related to Oceanic groups.
  • The research reveals that while early populations were highly admixed, there was a rapid shift around 70 generations ago toward endogamy (marrying within the group), especially among upper castes and Indo-European speakers, coinciding with historical sociocultural changes; tribal populations experienced this transition differently in timing.]

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sai priya
@priya_27_ · X

@AgentSaffron @bhoomiputraa https://t.co/bVFLJGm39j Micheal Danino’s book on River Saraswati also has information to disprove reich’s theory https://t.co/tPNLuuWYt5 https://t.co/gpWNH5wGjk

Oct 25, 2020 · 7 likes · 3 shares · 32,283 followers View post →
veeess
@ABu9283792 · X

@shrikanth_krish @razibkhan @tuffimitten Basu paper already modelled this way GJ Brahmins were around 88% ANI Iyers around 80% ANI Marathas around 58% ANI https://t.co/cktEuddwqD

Oct 31, 2025 · 6 likes · 151 followers View post →
Lil Babaí
@Micko_353 · X

@TruthSeeker1947 @ClickingSeason The first paper provides proof of endogamy setting in, in 100 CE https://t.co/WyV5JNrgst Second paper states "admixture between populations was rapidly replaced by endogamy" around 319–550 CE https://t.co/ibTWEQ5Ay5

Mar 4, 2025 · 4 likes · 124 followers View post →
Airavata
@abhinavsin32551 · X

@Batalvi_ @yajnadevam Basu A. et al., Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India (PNAS, 2016)

Sep 21, 2025 · 4 likes · 69 followers View post →
Revanta ࿗
@NomadicBrahmin · X

@7071Kt @The__Chalukya https://t.co/3WdUwNYZ4w

Nov 2, 2025 · 1 like · 1,005 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@vasudevansara @ProfVemsani @Oprah Genetic studies (DNA studies) have shown the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Aug 24, 2020 · 1 like · 384 followers View post →

All mentions

Revanta ࿗
@NomadicBrahmin · X

@7071Kt @The__Chalukya https://t.co/3WdUwNYZ4w

Nov 2, 2025 · 1 like · 1,005 followers View post →
veeess
@ABu9283792 · X

@shrikanth_krish @razibkhan @tuffimitten Basu paper already modelled this way GJ Brahmins were around 88% ANI Iyers around 80% ANI Marathas around 58% ANI https://t.co/cktEuddwqD

Oct 31, 2025 · 6 likes · 151 followers View post →
Doug Jones
@logarithmic_h · X

https://t.co/xM3FRXzKIs

Oct 12, 2025 · 926 followers View post →
Airavata
@abhinavsin32551 · X

@Batalvi_ @yajnadevam Basu A. et al., Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India (PNAS, 2016)

Sep 21, 2025 · 4 likes · 69 followers View post →
࿗Silver࿗
@5ylvester6 · X

https://t.co/Q3FFZz4zgg link of the Research paper

Aug 30, 2025 · 1 like · 315 followers View post →
Arpit Burnwal⚛
@arpit_burnwal · X

@5ylvester6 @A_Silly_Hobbit @raviparmarIN https://t.co/74sRGLL0SD page 4,5

Jul 3, 2025 · 1 like · 128 followers View post →
selvakumar
@mindspeak01 · X

@PandaB51 @swati_gs @grok @SanjeevSanskrit Read : https://t.co/1CogxXKQXA

Mar 26, 2025 · 412 followers View post →
Mikey Ma
@MikeyMa33 · X

@TruthSeeker1947 @ClickingSeason @autocomplete23 two research papers have been cited by people in the replies, here is another one. https://t.co/jIhDLoXFMq This is just mainstream scientific consensus, admixture in the founding indian populations stopped very suddenly as groups crystallized into endogamous jatis

Mar 5, 2025 · 128 followers View post →
Lil Babaí
@Micko_353 · X

@TruthSeeker1947 @ClickingSeason The first paper provides proof of endogamy setting in, in 100 CE https://t.co/WyV5JNrgst Second paper states "admixture between populations was rapidly replaced by endogamy" around 319–550 CE https://t.co/ibTWEQ5Ay5

Mar 4, 2025 · 4 likes · 124 followers View post →
darkshadowlegend18
@darkwanderer64 · X

@Kaami_Saamaa https://t.co/PkJWo6XuYl ”this practice was rapidly replaced by endogamy about 70 generations ago, among upper castes and Indo-European speakers predominantly“

Jan 5, 2025 · 573 followers View post →
Doug Jones
@logarithmic_h · X

Gupta empire (319-550), an intellectual/artistic Golden Age for Hindu India (revived Sanskrit, drama, art, math, linguistics) also sees consolidation of caste endogamy, especially upper caste, says DNA https://t.co/xM3FRXzKIs

Oct 11, 2024 · 926 followers View post →
Eastern F☆★K
@2_searchers_369 · X

@africanshiva @africanshiva Time mila toh ye padhna

Jun 13, 2024 · 1 like · 144 followers View post →
Suresh Srivastava
@SureshS25586746 · X

@AHindinews @manojkjhadu https://t.co/XLLXxJOJVi

May 9, 2024 View post →
Suresh Srivastava
@SureshS25586746 · X

https://t.co/XLLXxJOJVi

May 9, 2024 View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@Mansi92493230 @Robin56868500 @Ho_dorr @sanatanDha @jpdeol Genetic study (DNA) has shown the the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). https://t.co/TqpayIOiqC Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbsFEr

Feb 16, 2024 · 384 followers View post →
Sharbatanu Chatterjee | শর্বতনু
@sharbat_c · X

@SMukherjee89 ... Bengali Brahmins and Tibeto-Burman speaking populations continued to admix until the Palas in the 12th century. https://t.co/etEBZBvzW7

Nov 10, 2023 · 2,406 followers View post →
Doug Jones
@logarithmic_h · X

Gupta empire (319-550), an intellectual/artistic Golden Age for Hindu India (revived Sanskrit, drama, art, math, linguistics) also sees consolidation of caste endogamy, especially upper caste, says DNA https://t.co/xM3FRXAiy0

Oct 11, 2023 · 926 followers View post →
Siddharth aabhir
@democracy_stat · X

@Sandeep15557342 @apurv_samaiyar @timesofindia Actual research paper https://t.co/KO6gpW9Nml

Jun 21, 2023 · 781 followers View post →
AV; Muslims, Dalits, Adivasis have a right to joy.
@ApVeng · X

@VoiceObc Brahmans have the West Asian and original South Asian ancestry too. Just less than the others. And it varies from people to people and region to region. You may have seen this already but if not... https://t.co/NInvJeKVe8

Apr 3, 2023 · 2,623 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@YashicaDutt @Isabelwilkerson @Oprah @Cisco @thecaravanindia @CalDFEH @KevinKish_DFEH @DSNUK @dalitsolidforum @ICDRForum @HinduAmerican @robertiafolla @CalDFEH - DNA studies show the existence of Hindu caste system around 1600 years ago (Gupta period). @HinduAmerican- Are there any Christian missionaries in India during that period? News article https://t.co/TqpayJ5lsC Scientific article (PNAS) https://t.co/r09lQbawqj

Sep 25, 2022 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@krishnadaasa @IAMCouncil @HyattLongBeach You also claimed that casteism is incompatible with Hinduism. Here is the genetics (DNA)-based scientific evidence on the existence of Hindu casteism. This study has shown the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). Research paper: https://t.co/r09lQbsFEr

Sep 18, 2022 · 384 followers View post →
Dr. Christopher Smith
@Dr_Chris_Smith · X

@Big_guy_101 https://t.co/19UE4KhITd Please read all these.

Apr 16, 2022 · 31 followers View post →
DesiCowboy
@ACDoyle47 · X

@TheEmissaryCo I've read Gupta period is when most likely formalized based on genetic data https://t.co/qNY7H3lZiq

Apr 8, 2022 · 1 like · 365 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@GeneticRepair @EqualityLabs @dhrdnetwork @freepress @SAALTweets Anyone in scientific field (genetics) can’t miss the following study. Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT Genetic studies have shown the existence of caste system 1600 years ago https://t.co/TqpayINKB4

Oct 28, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Nilesh
@Nilesh31051892 · X

RT @priya_27_: @AgentSaffron @bhoomiputraa https://t.co/bVFLJGm39j Micheal Danino’s book on River Saraswati also has information to dispro…

Oct 25, 2020 · 3 shares · 70 followers View post →
GV || #Hindutva is Hinduism That Resists.
@GopinathVaradh2 · X

RT @priya_27_: @AgentSaffron @bhoomiputraa https://t.co/bVFLJGm39j Micheal Danino’s book on River Saraswati also has information to dispro…

Oct 25, 2020 · 3 shares · 1,324 followers View post →
Rohit Dhakras
@lalashwa · X

RT @priya_27_: @AgentSaffron @bhoomiputraa https://t.co/bVFLJGm39j Micheal Danino’s book on River Saraswati also has information to dispro…

Oct 25, 2020 · 3 shares · 2,065 followers View post →
sai priya
@priya_27_ · X

@AgentSaffron @bhoomiputraa https://t.co/bVFLJGm39j Micheal Danino’s book on River Saraswati also has information to disprove reich’s theory https://t.co/tPNLuuWYt5 https://t.co/gpWNH5wGjk

Oct 25, 2020 · 7 likes · 3 shares · 32,283 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@Prasannatama @cnni Genetic study (DNA) has shown the the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Sep 4, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@vasudevansara @ProfVemsani @Oprah Genetic studies (DNA studies) have shown the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Aug 24, 2020 · 1 like · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@samskarebyaha @CBSThisMorning @Oprah @oprahsbookclub @Isabelwilkerson @GayleKing A genetic study (DNA study) has shown the existence of caste system 1600 years ago (Gupta period). https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Aug 24, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@ananth_sethuram @thaiyaan @KaranTheBeast @KamalaHarris @surajyengde @DalitLiveMatter @Shravs_Dalit @DalitChef @CasteTraitor @Navayan @DalitRights @devathiya @dalitfreedom @DSNUK @dalitwomenfight @DalitAwaz Genetics of caste system. News report How a new genetic study is throwing light on the origins of Indian caste system https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Aug 21, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@unassailable @vmg2016 @rengarajant @tradewith300 @gayathriraguram @ImpoliticallyP @RDaffodils @MGAjay_2002 @hrudayadhi Genetics of caste system. News report How a new genetic study is throwing light on the origins of Indian caste system https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Jul 29, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@rengarajant @tradewith300 @vmg2016 @gayathriraguram @ImpoliticallyP @RDaffodils @MGAjay_2002 @hrudayadhi @unassailable Genetics of caste system. News report How a new genetic study is throwing light on the origins of Indian caste system https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Jul 29, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@CalDFEH @KevinKish_DFEH Genetics of caste system. News report How a new genetic study is throwing light on the origins of Indian caste system https://t.co/TqpayINKB4 Scientific article Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five .. PNAS https://t.co/r09lQbs7OT

Jul 10, 2020 · 384 followers View post →
Dr. Elden Wayne Whalen III, ShD
@wayne_effect · X

Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure https://t.co/ZaQBq6FckO

Oct 13, 2019 · 1,305 followers View post →
MicroBhagwat
@microBhagwat · X

Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure | PNAS. https://t.co/AF96r9IvBg

Oct 12, 2019 · 107 followers View post →
Joy J
@JoyJ69957841 · X

@FaithAtheismNub @Astrogle @WorldHinduNews 5.Genomic reconstruction of the history of extant populations of India reveals five distinct ancestral components and a complex structure Analabha Basu, Neeta Sarkar-Roy, and Partha P. Majumder PNAS February 9, 2016 113 (6) 1594-1599.

Sep 15, 2019 · 384 followers View post →