Misinformation lingers in memory: Failure of three pro-vaccination strategies.

Abstract in brief

• The study examines three vaccine misinformation correction strategies—debunking myths vs facts, using fact and icon boxes, and showing images of unvaccinated sick children—and finds they are generally ineffective or can backfire, reinforcing false beliefs and decreasing vaccination intentions.
• It highlights that people's inability to update their memories with correct information can have serious public health consequences, especially affecting vaccination decisions.
• The findings suggest the need for improved communication strategies and further research to effectively combat vaccine misinformation and improve public health outcomes.]