Complexity of the microRNA transcriptome of cow milk and milk-derived extracellular vesicles isolated via differential ultracentrifugation.

Abstract in brief

• The study explores the diversity of microRNAs (miRNAs) present in cow milk and its extracellular vesicles (EVs), showing that these vesicles protect miRNAs during digestion and can transfer them to human cells, potentially regulating gene expression.
• Researchers isolated and analyzed different EV subsets from cow milk using ultracentrifugation, revealing a complex and diverse miRNA profile, with certain miRNAs and isomiRs enriched in specific EV groups.
• Experiments with human cells demonstrated that milk EVs can deliver miRNAs like miR223 to these cells, affecting gene expression, which suggests that cow milk EVs could have functional roles in human health and disease, warranting further research.]