Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A November 2021 PMID 34663691

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing-body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation.

Michael Pittman, Luke A Barlow, Thomas G Kaye, Michael B Habib

Mentions

69
Peak: 52 in Oct 2021
across 5 sources since Oct 2021

Extended reach

237,096
potential audience

Total likes

1,164

Video views

21,527

Mentions per month

Oct 2021 – Nov 2025

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter57 posts
  • News5 articles
  • Reddit3 posts
  • YouTube2 videos
  • Facebook2 posts

AI synopsis

What people are saying

The discussions reflect a balanced interest and support for the research, with users highlighting new anatomical details and the significance of modern tools like laser fluorescence. The tone is mostly academic and factual, with examples such as references to innovative wing control mechanisms and recent fossil studies, which suggest a recognition of the research’s contribution without overly emotional or transformative language.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions support the significance of the muscular wing-body junction in improving flight performance, indicating general agreement with the publication's findings.

InterestModerate interest

The posts demonstrate moderate curiosity, referencing technical aspects and recent discoveries but not delving deeply into implications or broader debates.

EngagementNeutral engagement

While some users mention specific anatomical features and recent well-preserved fossils, many posts primarily acknowledge the article without profound analysis.

ImpactModerate impact

The emphasis on advanced techniques and the evolutionary importance suggests that the research could influence future studies, but the overall tone remains informational rather than revolutionary.

Abstract in brief

  • Pterosaurs developed a muscular wingbody junction called a wing root fairing that improved flight by reducing drag and enhancing wing control, which was unique among flying vertebrates because it was mainly made of muscle rather than feathers or fur.
  • The presence of this flexible, muscular structure allowed pterosaurs to better manipulate their wings during flight, providing benefits like improved wing elevation and movement control, contributing to their long-lasting dominance as the first vertebrate flyers.
  • Using advanced techniques like laser-stimulated fluorescence, researchers uncovered new details about pterosaur flight anatomy, highlighting the importance of modern tools in studying extinct animals and deepening understanding of their flight capabilities and evolution.]

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
@TomHoltzPaleo · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/FmlAX9faMy

Oct 18, 2021 · 121 likes · 45 shares · 32,115 followers View post →
ゆきまさかずよし
@Kyukimasa · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/2k35nOyMVh いわゆるブレンデッドウィングボディ https://t.co/Na4uUHQqli

Oct 19, 2021 · 20 likes · 5 shares · 20,638 followers View post →
Sassy
@LikesPterosaurs · X

@jackthevulture @DarioEstraviz One criticism I can give is that Pterosaurs have a fairing of membrane that connects from the humerus to the the neck which was recemtly described from a well preserved pterodactylus https://t.co/LcK0y7wWrG

Jun 18, 2022 · 4 likes · 2,997 followers View post →
Sassy
@LikesPterosaurs · X

@SkyeMcDavid I try to depict the full extent of the patagium, especially the area where the propatagium attaches to the neck (https://t.co/LcK0y7wWrG) but yeah im unsure about how it looks aswell, might change it in future skels

Oct 22, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,997 followers View post →
Prof. Abel Méndez
@ProfAbelMendez · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/DSil0TOowS https://t.co/8hNnv4IGvs

Nov 8, 2021 · 1 like · 20,660 followers View post →
CRCpaleos
@CRCpaleos · X

ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL (acceso abierto) Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/D11lUoZOx6 via @PNASNews

Nov 20, 2021 · 1 like · 3,182 followers View post →

All mentions

Sassy
@LikesPterosaurs · X

@SkyeMcDavid I try to depict the full extent of the patagium, especially the area where the propatagium attaches to the neck (https://t.co/LcK0y7wWrG) but yeah im unsure about how it looks aswell, might change it in future skels

Oct 22, 2023 · 2 likes · 2,997 followers View post →
Sassy
@LikesPterosaurs · X

@jackthevulture @DarioEstraviz One criticism I can give is that Pterosaurs have a fairing of membrane that connects from the humerus to the the neck which was recemtly described from a well preserved pterodactylus https://t.co/LcK0y7wWrG

Jun 18, 2022 · 4 likes · 2,997 followers View post →
CRCpaleos
@CRCpaleos · X

ARTÍCULO ORIGINAL (acceso abierto) Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/D11lUoZOx6 via @PNASNews

Nov 20, 2021 · 1 like · 3,182 followers View post →
Prof. Abel Méndez
@ProfAbelMendez · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/DSil0TOowS https://t.co/8hNnv4IGvs

Nov 8, 2021 · 1 like · 20,660 followers View post →
Science Furs
@Sci_Furs · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/lgoWfEYghC

Nov 5, 2021 · 2,272 followers View post →
釜屋憲彦
@kamaUmwelt · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/quWarwZKqR

Oct 29, 2021 · 1 like · 1,531 followers View post →
Kawai_Yusuke
@fiddler_K · X

元論文のFig1の絵が自分にも描けそうで笑ってしまった/Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/6w5ZnYrElq

Oct 25, 2021 · 347 followers View post →
Sweta Agrawal
@hokuba · X

RT @UTRCAST: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoo…

Oct 20, 2021 · 1 share · 935 followers View post →
Hiro Namiki
@UTRCAST · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/TvHy0wBGNm

Oct 20, 2021 · 1 like · 1 share · 140 followers View post →
Bruno Santiago
@brunoelton · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/kZImVwclQw

Oct 20, 2021 · 698 followers View post →
$.inequali$ sitting on fence
@sinequalis · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 395 followers View post →
Lab-or-something
@Laborsomething · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 272 followers View post →
ガイス
@shitake_reverse · X

RT @Kyukimasa: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic sm…

Oct 19, 2021 · 5 shares · 3,483 followers View post →
potarou
@rat5121pinwheel · X

RT @Kyukimasa: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic sm…

Oct 19, 2021 · 5 shares · 133 followers View post →
ogygian
@kart_oyaji · X

RT @Kyukimasa: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic sm…

Oct 19, 2021 · 5 shares · 110 followers View post →
Matt Gibson
@FossilJockeyMG · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 241 followers View post →
Sam Crehan
@screhan96 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 52 followers View post →
Raptorus77
@raptorus77 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 276 followers View post →
俺の観賞
@oregakitaworld · X

RT @Kyukimasa: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic sm…

Oct 19, 2021 · 5 shares · 447 followers View post →
ゆきまさかずよし
@Kyukimasa · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/2k35nOyMVh いわゆるブレンデッドウィングボディ https://t.co/Na4uUHQqli

Oct 19, 2021 · 20 likes · 5 shares · 20,638 followers View post →
Ken Gusler
@kgusler · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: https://t.co/RU1Te86TAz

Oct 19, 2021 · 19,970 followers View post →
fernanda castano
@ferwen · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation | PNAS https://t.co/wyobmb2BTM

Oct 19, 2021 · 2,720 followers View post →
Jeffrey Dean @JeffreyJDean@hcommons.social
@JeffreyJDean · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 904 followers View post →
Colin Morley
@wessexougs · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 246 followers View post →
Léa Girard
@SuchosG · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 88 followers View post →
Dra Patricia Lara
@AstroLaraPhd · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 517 followers View post →
Sergio González Mora
@PhylumBryozoa · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 19, 2021 · 45 shares · 998 followers View post →
The Marvelous Mx. Hazel!
@TangentTanager · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 440 followers View post →
あけだ たくみ
@akedadayoNU · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 199 followers View post →
Marcos K. Pinheiro / "Marcos Wyvern" (Marcosaurus)
@BongMarcosaurus · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,001 followers View post →
Charles Frederico Jr
@charlesCporosus · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 410 followers View post →
Dromeoraptor
@Dromeoraptor · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 184 followers View post →
Opie
@PalaeoPhilo · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 835 followers View post →
Angel Giovanni Becerra Rodríguez
@GiovanniBece · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,623 followers View post →
Julianne Kiely - Commissions Open
@PalaeoJules · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 3,631 followers View post →
Wilbur
@HongDucNguyen4 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 88 followers View post →
Richard_Carr
@EmuLarge · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,854 followers View post →
Dr. Claudia Serrano
@paleoduck · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 637 followers View post →
William Swiftfoot, Grey Fox
@WSwiftfoot · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 623 followers View post →
Nycto
@TheNightLizard · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,318 followers View post →
Spencer Bronte
@SpencerBronte · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,059 followers View post →
Shadow
@ShadowclawFC · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 72 followers View post →
Arnav Raha
@pantamallion · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 601 followers View post →
Alexa Sadier
@aigverte · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,376 followers View post →
GoreMagala
@GoreMagala · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 311 followers View post →
Darren Naish
@TetZoo · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 52,605 followers View post →
Cameron Muskelly (Explorer of Deep Time)
@PaleoCameron · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 11,799 followers View post →
Justin (정환)
@justin_an74 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,074 followers View post →
megalizard88
@megalizard88 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 552 followers View post →
LUISA BLANES
@luisa0403 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 521 followers View post →
Uncle Cozmic
@UncleCozmic · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 97 followers View post →
FrancisTheDibujante
@Francisnimado1 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 118 followers View post →
Axel Tallone
@AxelSauro · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 251 followers View post →
Tom Parker
@Tomozaurus · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 6,202 followers View post →
Bobby (Just Being Me)
@Dilophosaur13 · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,226 followers View post →
PaleoGalli
@TwitiGalli · X

RT @TomHoltzPaleo: Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynami…

Oct 18, 2021 · 45 shares · 1,745 followers View post →
Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
@TomHoltzPaleo · X

Pterosaurs evolved a muscular wing–body junction providing multifaceted flight performance benefits: Advanced aerodynamic smoothing, sophisticated wing root control, and wing force generation https://t.co/FmlAX9faMy

Oct 18, 2021 · 121 likes · 45 shares · 32,115 followers View post →
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