June 2022 PMID 34991180

Morphology and distribution of scales, dermal ossifications, and other non-feather integumentary structures in non-avialan theropod dinosaurs.

Christophe Hendrickx, Phil R Bell, Michael Pittman, Andrew R C Milner, Elena Cuesta, Jingmai O'Connor, Mark Loewen, Philip J Currie, Octávio Mateus, Thomas G Kaye, Rafael Delcourt

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Mentions

Peak: 14 in Jan 2022

across 6 sources since Jan 2022

Extended reach

1,114,713

potential audience

Total likes

20,826

Video views

980,192

Mentions per month

Jan 2022 – Nov 2025

Where it's discussed

X / Twitter57 posts
Reddit19 posts
Bluesky5 posts
News4 articles
YouTube2 videos
Blogs1 articles

AI synopsis

What people are saying

Participants show strong interest, often praising the research and sharing detailed links, such as mentions of Hendrickx et al.'s 2022 study and discussions about skin structures, which highlight their engagement. The tone varies from enthusiastic support to constructive critique, emphasizing both curiosity and the significance of the findings for understanding dinosaur biology.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions acknowledge the importance of the study, with some referencing specific findings and authors, showing general support.

InterestHigh interest

Participants demonstrate high curiosity, citing the paper as a source of new insights into dinosaur skin and engaging with model reconstructions.

EngagementModerate engagement

Comments range from sharing links and discussing methodologies to critiquing skin charts, indicating moderate to deep interest.

ImpactModerate impact

The focus on new fossil data and reconstructions suggests the discussion may influence future research and understanding of dinosaur integument.

Abstract in brief

The study examines the types and distribution of nonfeather skin structures, like scales and dermal ossifications, in nonavialan theropod dinosaurs, revealing that feathers are a complex evolutionarily advanced trait, but many of these dinosaurs had scales or bare skin.
The fossil record shows that nonfeather skin features include tiny scales on the footpads and some dermal armor, though preservation bias limits detailed understanding; specific skin types vary across different genera such as Ceratosaurus, Allosaurus, and Tyrannosaurus.
Scale patterns tend to be consistent across various theropods, with some exhibiting unique features like snake-like ventral scales, but overall, skin and scale details are limited due to the rarity of well-preserved specimens.]

Read the full abstract

All mentions

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The Most Accurate Tyrannosaurus Rex Reconstruction to Date

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Ben G Thomas · Nov 30, 2025 35,535 views

Juan Yu See #FreePalestine

@Juanyudocus · X

RT @TM9380: @carmelosaurus @Tessasaurus_rex I believe this paper gets into it… https://t.co/CKLMyFQVMN

Nov 13, 2025 · 2 shares · 1,707 followers View post →

Carmelosaurus

@carmelosaurus · X

RT @TM9380: @carmelosaurus @Tessasaurus_rex I believe this paper gets into it… https://t.co/CKLMyFQVMN

Nov 13, 2025 · 2 shares · 815 followers View post →

Taylor McCoy

@TM9380 · X

@carmelosaurus @Tessasaurus_rex I believe this paper gets into it… https://t.co/CKLMyFQVMN

Nov 13, 2025 · 8 likes · 2 shares · 12,480 followers View post →

Chester L Richards

@ChesterLRichar1 · X

https://t.co/NVIvcgDaxn We Know the Exact Appearance of These Dinosaurs https://t.co/6dPqRfpfhr The Most Scientifically Accurate T. rex Ever?

Aug 6, 2025 · 1,785 followers View post →

Mingau

@_themingau · X

@TofuEatingCat This excerpt is in the supporting information for this paper: https://t.co/HKYYlyUge6

May 9, 2025 · 3 likes · 6,828 followers View post →

The Art of April-Anna

@aprilanna.bsky.social · Bluesky

Who doesn't love T-Rex??

Feb 18, 2025 · 2 likes View post →

吳冠廷tinger wu

@tingerwu · X

The Most Scientifically Accurate T. rex Ever? https://t.co/Dq7xg0pL1b 來自 @YouTube

Jan 23, 2025 · 496 followers View post →

Joshua A.C. Newman

@joshuaacnewman.xeno.glyphpress.com.ap.brid.gy · Bluesky

Sometimes you find videos just for @joevgreathead . https://youtu.be/Y5tkbtWA8tM?si=74D7Rsr9GHuSxUiP

Dec 27, 2024 View post →

Carmelosaurus

@carmelosaurus · X

RT @Eofauna: Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t…

Dec 11, 2024 · 5 shares · 815 followers View post →

The Leafy Sea Dragons Take...

@LeafyTake52479 · X

https://t.co/x93CLYKX3m

Dec 3, 2024 · 113 followers View post →

MrHootsMann

@SpaceTaco101 · X

@enfamiliados Purely because of Eofauna's reasoning for their t.rex reconstruction https://t.co/On0zFZSE7M

Dec 3, 2024 · 3 likes · 2,954 followers View post →

SpawnofAtom

@SpawnofAtom · X

Watching stuff like this always gets my imagination going. I really want this model now, btw. https://t.co/MQ9NVBqNG6

Dec 3, 2024 · 1 like · 1,033 followers View post →

Until All of Us Are Free

@solidarity5ever.bsky.social · Bluesky

Science and art aren't opposites. They can even be exactly the same thing. youtu.be/Y5tkbtWA8tM?...

Dec 2, 2024 · 2 likes · 1 share View post →

Marcos K. Pinheiro / "Marcos Wyvern" (Marcosaurus)

@BongMarcosaurus · X

RT @Eofauna: Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t…

Dec 2, 2024 · 5 shares · 1,002 followers View post →

₵ⱧⱤł₴₮ł₳₦.₮

@theomakhia.bsky.social · Bluesky

Apropå Sue, så snubblade jag över denna video i förmiddags: youtu.be/Y5tkbtWA8tM?...

Dec 2, 2024 · 2 shares View post →

Jalen Taylor

@TorterraGrey8 · X

RT @Eofauna: Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t…

Dec 2, 2024 · 5 shares · 402 followers View post →

Isaiah Garza

@Ijgarza87 · X

RT @Eofauna: Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t…

Dec 2, 2024 · 5 shares · 847 followers View post →

Darío Estraviz López

@DarioEstraviz · X

RT @Eofauna: Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t…

Dec 2, 2024 · 5 shares · 2,948 followers View post →

Eofauna Scientific Research

@Eofauna · X

Ben G. Thomas delivers another fantastic paleo video, this time highlighting the Eofauna model of Tyrannosaurus Sue! https://t.co/HDr1z9UpTH

Dec 2, 2024 · 29 likes · 5 shares · 4,062 followers View post →

Marcos K. Pinheiro / "Marcos Wyvern" (Marcosaurus)

@mmarcosaurus.bsky.social · Bluesky

youtu.be/Y5tkbtWA8tM?...

Dec 1, 2024 · 1 like View post →

Phaex

@omalditophaex · X

@TheWar88091 @TheCubeRBLX @TM9380 https://t.co/J1QdQoulSH

Dec 27, 2023 · 69 followers View post →

Jungle Hunter

@TheWar88091 · X

here is that study for the raging fan bois https://t.co/L0JBEjGzPH

Dec 12, 2023 · 13 followers View post →

Jungle Hunter

@TheWar88091 · X

people also need to stop using those whack skin charts floating around lmao they feature skin that has been flat out proven TO NOT BE TYRANNOSAUR SKIN https://t.co/L0JBEjGzPH

Nov 11, 2023 · 13 followers View post →

Jungle Hunter

@TheWar88091 · X

@DoctorShart coming from the guy who cant use google to find the study https://t.co/L0JBEjGzPH hehehehehe i can do this all day

Nov 11, 2023 · 13 followers View post →

Jungle Hunter

@TheWar88091 · X

@DoctorShart oh wow it took me 2 seconds to find xD https://t.co/L0JBEjGzPH

Nov 11, 2023 · 13 followers View post →

Titanis Egg

@Phorusrhacid · X

@Antrodemus @ChrisDPiazza @dino_magenta I’m fairly certain that this 2022 paper by Hendrickx et al. reported fossilized rectangular ventral scales on Allosaurus. Unfortunately I no longer have access to the paper so I can’t look back to confirm it. https://t.co/NnNfMgTgwJ

Apr 28, 2023 · 4 likes · 24 followers View post →

TBAL

@TBAL83 · X

@EDGEinthewild Skin structure of dinosaurs varied. Many had Squamous or scaly reptilian-like skin. https://t.co/ruRPY3HALB

Apr 2, 2023 · 17 followers View post →

Pasha van Bijlert

@PashavanBijlert · X

@poe_killia @AllosaurusJP I'm mostly focused on biomechanics, so I don't really have anything to add beyond that I think I remember Hendrickx et al 2022 (https://t.co/EcsX9IegBG) saying Allosaurus only has preserved scales as far as we know. We probably wont know unless we find a really nice allo mummy.

Mar 23, 2023 · 1 like · 1,230 followers View post →

Tricaudae Studio (Stephanie Dziezyk)

@TricaudaeStudio · X

RT @TylerGreenfieId: @TheJurri These are the only published photos, so they are the best available. These impressions have a similar textur…

Oct 5, 2022 · 4 shares · 3,064 followers View post →

ビクーピー

@B47197246 · X

RT @TylerGreenfieId: @TheJurri These are the only published photos, so they are the best available. These impressions have a similar textur…

Oct 4, 2022 · 4 shares · 1,896 followers View post →

Gulpvenator

@longingforTLW · X

RT @TylerGreenfieId: @TheJurri These are the only published photos, so they are the best available. These impressions have a similar textur…

Oct 4, 2022 · 4 shares · 396 followers View post →

dansdoodles

@Dansdoodles2000 · X

RT @TylerGreenfieId: @TheJurri These are the only published photos, so they are the best available. These impressions have a similar textur…

Oct 4, 2022 · 4 shares · 646 followers View post →

Tyler Greenfield

@TylerGreenfieId · X

Oct 4, 2022 · 18 likes · 4 shares · 6,372 followers View post →

Tyler Greenfield

@TylerGreenfieId · X

@TheDarknix @TetZoo @skeletaldrawing @Fossilcrates @TomHoltzPaleo @SkyeMcDavid @TheNewArtistGR @AmmoniteSeries More pics of Concavenator https://t.co/9O9PvpWlRw https://t.co/NOxPjidbLV

Aug 15, 2022 · 8 likes · 6,372 followers View post →