Targetable elements in SARS-CoV-2 S2 subunit for the design of pan-coronavirus fusion inhibitors and vaccines.

Abstract in brief

• The text discusses the importance of targeting the conserved S2 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 virus for developing broad-spectrum fusion inhibitors and vaccines, especially given the virus's rapid mutation and the emergence of variants like Omicron that can evade existing antibodies.
• It highlights recent advances in creating fusion inhibitors, including neutralizing antibodies, peptides, proteins, small molecules, and vaccines that focus on key elements of the S2 subunit such as the fusion peptide, stem helix, and heptad repeats, aiming for cross-protection against multiple variants.
• The article emphasizes understanding the mechanisms and characteristics of these inhibitors to guide future design efforts targeting S2, facilitating the development of effective treatments and vaccines that can combat current and future coronavirus threats.]