Pumpkin seed as a sustainable source of plant-based protein for novel food applications.

Abstract in brief

• The global population's rise and the environmental problems tied to traditional farming create an urgent need for sustainable protein sources.
• Pumpkin seed cake, a nutrient-rich by-product of oil extraction, offers high-quality protein but is underused in food products.
• This literature review discusses the nutritional benefits of pumpkin seed proteins, their extraction methods, and innovative applications, including their use as carriers for bioactives and in eco-friendly packaging, promoting both protein sourcing and sustainability.