Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci September 1979 PMID 42062

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.

S J Gould, R C Lewontin

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Peak: 19 in Jul 2021
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What people are saying

Several posts highlight key aspects of the article, including critiques of naive adaptationism and the introduction of spandrels as a concept in evolutionary biology. Phrases like 'highly recommended' and 'one of the papers that has had the most influence on me' illustrate the positive reception and impact of the publication. The tone is mostly supportive and inquisitive, reflecting a genuine interest in expanding on the ideas within the article.

AgreementModerate agreement

Many discussions express support for the critique of adaptationism presented by Gould and Lewontin.

InterestHigh interest

Posts reveal a strong curiosity about the implications of the article and its relevance to contemporary evolutionary biology.

EngagementModerate engagement

While some users engage deeply with the article's concepts, the depth of some discussions varies.

ImpactHigh impact

Users generally perceive the publication as having a significant influence on evolutionary thought.

Abstract in brief

  • The adaptationist program has dominated evolutionary biology for decades, focusing on natural selection as a primary driver for optimizing traits in organisms.
  • The authors argue for a more integrated perspective, emphasizing that organisms should be viewed as whole entities shaped by their evolutionary history and constraints rather than only their adaptive functions.
  • They critique the adaptationist approach for oversimplifying evolutionary explanations, neglecting alternative mechanisms, and failing to differentiate the current utility of traits from their original evolutionary purposes.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
ゆきまさかずよし
@Kyukimasa · X

それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7HzBx スティーヴン・ジェイ・グールドだった

Feb 12, 2019 · 26 likes · 14 shares · 20,445 followers View post →
Dr. Merritt Turetsky
@queenofpeat · X

So far we know: 1) hummock Sphagnum species decompose slowly, 2) there is a phylogenetic signal to hummock hollow preference across the Sphagnum genus. Are these linked? Or is this an evolutionary spandrel? Darwin loved bogs, he would know. 10/ https://t.co/umwTICskB7

Aug 27, 2021 · 18 likes · 1 share · 22,738 followers View post →
Manjari Jain
@minivets · X

In last week's lab meeting @AnwaySarkar2 presented Gould and Lewontin's classic paper: The spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm.. https://t.co/gSlzK3mFbk This paper had an important impact on me as a student of #EvolutionaryBiology RIP Richard Lewontin

Jul 5, 2021 · 18 likes · 1 share · 4,733 followers View post →
William Clare Roberts
@MarxinHell · X

Nice thread that sent me down a rabbit hole at the end of which I found a wonderful description of Lewontin and Gould’s paper, “The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Paradigm.” https://t.co/BIPthHo9kk https://t.co/juF7AXM3SA

Jul 6, 2021 · 12 likes · 1 share · 15,359 followers View post →
Martin Ezequiel Farina
@HallucigeniaOK · X

Nuevamente desafiando a Darwin postuló junto a Stephen Jay Gould que ciertos caracteres no surgen como consecuencia de la selección natural, si no que surgen como subproducto de otros caracteres que sí estuvieron moldeados por la selección natural https://t.co/B8LSWcwKSy

Jul 5, 2021 · 12 likes · 1 share · 3,885 followers View post →
Samir Amin
@samiramin.com · Bluesky

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42062/

Nov 20, 2024 · 12 likes · 1 share View post →

All mentions

O. obscura
@JapaneseLoach · X

試したのはこの2報 Hutchinson, G. E., 1959. Homage to Santa Rosalia or why are there so many kinds of animals? S. J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin, 1979. The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme

Oct 12, 2025 · 11 likes · 3,320 followers View post →
Sarah Primate
@langurlover.bsky.social · Bluesky

1979: Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin publish influential paper (cited more than 4,000 times) "The Spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm", introducing idea of "spandrels" into evolutionary biology

Sep 21, 2025 · 1 like · 1 share View post →
Rafael Marcondes
@rafamarcondes.bsky.social · Bluesky

Working on the reading list for my Evolution class in the Spring. I shall neither confirm nor deny that "Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism" and ""The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" are both on that list.

Sep 11, 2025 · 6 likes · 1 share View post →
von Saurau
@river_captn · X

@MadamePlissee @martinlichtmesz @hrmthrs Gar keinem bzw der heutige Zweck kam erst später als Nutzbarmachung von Notwendigkeiten deren Ursachen in biologischen/mathematische Restriktionen liegen. Das wird sehr gut in diesem klassischen Artikel der Evolutionsbiologie dargelegt. https://t.co/437XVTGKWJ https://t.co/QmypToiH7a

May 17, 2025 · 353 followers View post →
John D Kromkowski
@JDKromkowski · X

@anitaleirfall No! Gould, Stephen Jay; Lewontin, Richard C. (21 September 1979). "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 581–598.

May 6, 2025 · 144 followers View post →
John D Kromkowski
@JDKromkowski · X

@Medical_Nemesis @anitaleirfall Yeah, but your caricature long dispelled: Gould; Lewontin (21 September 1979). "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" (PDF). Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 581–598.

May 6, 2025 · 144 followers View post →
GutMichaelBiome
@gutmichaelbio.me · Bluesky

New book arrived! Very excited to start reading it tonight. Picked this book up because it surveys some texts at the intersection of ecology & philosophy of science

Apr 14, 2025 · 7 likes · 1 share View post →
Samir Amin
@samiramin.com · Bluesky

pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42062/

Nov 20, 2024 · 12 likes · 1 share View post →
handy man
@realhomohabilis · X

https://t.co/iLIWbBJcmT

Nov 15, 2024 · 52 followers View post →
Arlin
@ArlinStoltzfus · X

What else is there? When Gould & Lewontin (1979) critiqued the adaptationist research program, they appealed vaguely to "constraints" as an alternative Since then, evobio has come a long way in terms of conceptual, theoretical, and empirical clarity 6/ https://t.co/A8B5f3waAE

Nov 13, 2024 · 1 like · 870 followers View post →
Rijard
@rijardb · X

@sokindling Antagonistic pleiotropy. But you've also got a poor framing here. "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" would be a good read to address that.

Jul 26, 2024 · 139 followers View post →
T. Ryan Gregory
@TRyanGregory · X

@mastzellenhilfe Spandrels of San Marco! https://t.co/HWqGskIauS

Jul 7, 2024 · 1 like · 79,106 followers View post →
handy man
@realhomohabilis · X

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences https://t.co/FlwHrWVft6

Jun 10, 2024 · 52 followers View post →
Look at This Cool Ben Shapiro Being Stabbed Tattoo
@ShapiroTattoo · X

@KatLizu2 @furiadidonna You have a pretty common misunderstanding of evolution and adaptation. You might start here: https://t.co/hFudLrjAwX

May 28, 2024 · 286 followers View post →
Xiaoyu Zhuo
@XiaoyuZhuo · X

"male tyrannosaurs may have used their diminutive front legs to titillate female partners, but this will not explain why they got so small" - The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme. Gould and Lewontin, 1979

Apr 17, 2024 · 2 likes · 314 followers View post →
Tadeg Quillien
@TadegQuillien · X

@dconroybeam Reading these two back-to-back might be fun: Gould & Lewontin's spandrels paper: https://t.co/1xIGzk5LJA McCullough's short piece on why one might care about natural selection: https://t.co/mQA9CVLLHa

Feb 11, 2024 · 2 likes · 1,212 followers View post →
Shri
@strangeratlife · X

Easily one of the most influential works in evolutionary biology which actually is just an opinion piece. https://t.co/mOc5FHvUsI https://t.co/v3QewyMe1W

Dec 13, 2023 · 776 followers View post →
Om Prakash
@baizalla · X

"The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist program- " found this excellent article by S. J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin! #evolution #naturalselection #Gould #Lewontin https://t.co/RAbguRImlY

Nov 25, 2023 · 4,026 followers View post →
Martijn ter Haar
@martijnterhaar.bsky.social · Bluesky

Over "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm" leer ik op YouTube, niet bij de publieke omroep. Dat geeft toch wel te denken. Een budgetkwestie is in het ieder geval niet.

Nov 11, 2023 View post →
delena hate account
@workercommie · X

@yoyospana The just-so story criticism, the spandrel critique (https://t.co/HpfhRAdpaL), the Fodor objection https://t.co/BLOHmGgChQ

Nov 8, 2023 · 620 followers View post →
Tony Rodrigues
@softwarewisdom · X

@paleoludic @Assibad2 @JoshuaLWatson This argument was made by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin in "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" (1979): https://t.co/B6J49EpiD7

Oct 28, 2023 · 1 like · 216 followers View post →
João
@CoelhoPre · X

On the risks of naive adaptationism: Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme.

Oct 27, 2023 · 4 likes · 2,623 followers View post →
Innocent Ouko, M.D.
@innoholmes · X

With its biases, adaptation has always been the go-to concept when describing organisms. Steven Jay Gould and Lewontin challenged this concept. Question is: Have we found a way to discover organismal features that are not adaptive? Here's the paper: https://t.co/vmyMeJi2pS

Aug 21, 2023 · 1 like · 441 followers View post →
Ricardo Azevedo
@HuxleyanWorld · X

@CoelhoPre Lenski, et al. 1991 Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. Am Nat 138: 1315-1341. Gould & Lewontin 1979 The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme...

Aug 13, 2023 · 2 likes · 469 followers View post →
Raquel London
@raquel_e_london · X

Super interesting discussion happening here about ephaptic coupling and downward causation. Ephaptic coupling seems to be to neuroscience as epigenetics was to genetics/biology. (and I think people should read more SJ Gould https://t.co/m00XobyV0m and less R Dawkins...

Jul 26, 2023 · 7 likes · 823 followers View post →
Dr Mathilde Tahar
@mathildetahar · X

Celui de Gould et Lewontin contre l’adaptationnisme et qui se réfère aux tympans de Saint-Marc est lisible ici : https://t.co/J7SgPh3cpm

Jul 20, 2023 · 788 followers View post →
yamasa7
@yamasa7 · X

@dynamicsoar これですかね… https://t.co/hvK8LLHPiz

Jul 4, 2023 · 4 likes · 302 followers View post →
Charles Paxton
@CharlesPaxton4 · X

@spiantado https://t.co/0JrpwDiXVJ

May 21, 2023 · 1 like · 515 followers View post →
Gullasaurus
@GullGlaucous · X

@philosophycacti The locus classicus: https://t.co/N258ntni09

May 4, 2023 · 547 followers View post →
Eliş
@hielahejamali · X

RT @delikanli_e: "The evolution of evolvability" "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist…

Apr 24, 2023 · 1 share · 1,804 followers View post →
serotonin
@serotonin_Aa · X

"The evolution of evolvability" "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" "The Selfish Gene" "The Blind Watchmaker" "Climbing Mount Improbable" "A Devil's Chaplain" بونلار ریچارد داوکینزین ۶ دانا مقاله‌لریدی قصدیم وار/

Apr 24, 2023 · 8 likes · 1 share · 1,454 followers View post →
Gal Haspel @haspel@neuromatch.social
@GalHaspel · X

@Eran_Efrat זו דוגמא מצויינת להסבר פנגלוסי או ספאנדרלי שמחפש אדפטציה גם כשאין https://t.co/Cf0Enmq5UD

Apr 24, 2023 · 2 likes · 559 followers View post →
Milton Tan
@mtanichthys · X

Spandrels of San Marco came up again recently, this time as an example of not using dry language in scientific writing. I had forgotten where it was published, apparently Proc B! Nice. https://t.co/9YucU83z75

Mar 3, 2023 · 4 likes · 5,091 followers View post →
Jeremy Kamil is also @macroliter.bsky.social
@macroliter · X

@transplnt_mdphd Sure. Not everything hormonal has to have a role in adaptation or evolutionarily favored “benefit”.. some stuff about living organisms is just a byproduct of other stuff. Or just works ok as is— selection acting elsewhere https://t.co/u6AlEXf8sA

Mar 1, 2023 · 2 likes · 23,172 followers View post →
Alessio Iannozzi
@AlessioIannozz1 · X

["The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" https://t.co/KAW5Iv3zlu]

Feb 17, 2023 · 64 followers View post →
✊
@CalaveraSurfer · X

@AndrsTrece Aproveche y léase esta joya. https://t.co/su9ytEAJGP

Feb 15, 2023 · 1,000 followers View post →
Nicholas Bannan
@NicholasBannan · X

@Johnfinney8 https://t.co/z0L0FahjTy

Feb 12, 2023 · 1 like · 409 followers View post →
Amber Singh
@AmberLynnSingh · X

@Jess_A_Castillo I'm in your class! How do you feel about "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin

Jan 18, 2023 · 225 followers View post →
SciP(h)er
@ScientiaPercept · X

@MindfulDamage @mr_ridds @umfpt @StonerDadMadRad @Wilbo_Bagginsis @dirk_fasshauer @DeanoMartino1 @_truthswordsa @SecularSmurf @ktibus @markpotter___ @MucusMucous @NHoomans @BrianNazarenus @illmakelamb @AmyrAli16 @Dlanorx @xxschlitzmaltxx @DarkCowboyGod @pussyfreewhtboy @SylvieDParris @kester_lowers @Melanie33720945 @timmbosliceeee @JMcCartney49 @AprilLigeia @megafant1 @liamdennehy @rkdoctr @orna_verum @WastedAerospace @RTheatheist @OnkelFester @th1rt3en_TM @hubie0 @omnimomo @spikeinthemidge @ei9iw @IngridIngwah @TessFromWessex @mirandaisrisen @HeathenWombat @Sidney1st @THHuxley1 @RavenLove69 @knitman57 @Cat_In_A_Box @remofjacob @WarrenSm2 That was the first Gould/Lewontin paper we had to read in my fist #Evolution-ary Biology class. I recommend it to everyone=--> https://t.co/nk6YckzWSa "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist program

Jan 15, 2023 · 10,029 followers View post →
a_indabronx
@a_indabronx · X

Gould, S. J., & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 205(1161), 581–598. doi:10.1098/rspb.1979.0086 https://t.co/wq3ph25ntq

Jan 1, 2023 · 1 like · 209 followers View post →
Tony Rodrigues
@softwarewisdom · X

@ishaank26 @SuryaGanguli This reminds me of Gould and Lewontin's evolutionary biology paper "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". https://t.co/bUnDrj0KT4

Nov 28, 2022 · 216 followers View post →
mireillemoret
@mireillemoret · X

@cabitzaf @emollick Very interesting, but why must such writing be soaked in the usual utilitarian thinking in terms of ‘benefits and harms’. That is a reductive neo-darwinist approach. Might it help to view prospection from e.g. key work by Lewontin and Gould https://t.co/Ou8oTpv6oQ

Nov 21, 2022 · 1 like · 7,101 followers View post →
tagomago | Mauro Rebelo
@tagomago_me · X

“#Organisms are limited by their past commitments with the #environment” This article taught me #logics, #parsimony/Occam’s razor’ #NaturalSelection #GeneticDrift and Voltaire. | New #tagomago #Blog Post on Gould/Lewontin 1979 article https://t.co/fdq69mKbV5 w/@borderlesscook

Nov 2, 2022 · 977 followers View post →
Nadia Blostein
@BlosteinNadia · X

1/ A sweet Halloween throwback read on why natural selection cannot explain everything: https://t.co/vr8q9gt76X Why Halloween? So much cannibalism… And a few palatable take-aways:

Oct 31, 2022 · 197 followers View post →
Alex Palazzo
@ribonucleicacid · X

@UrnovFyodor @OmicsOmicsBlog @mbeisen @BobbyDaretti The other problem with asserting "1. Not junk." is that it forces you into what Gould and Lewontin called the Adaptionist Programme - If one test of function fails, it surely must past some yet-to-be-tested function. Maybe, but maybe not. https://t.co/tGZm0xh5PG

Oct 28, 2022 · 1 like · 1,163 followers View post →
Juan Pablo Aguilar
@juan1984 · X

@geostylegeo That trait can be an fitness advantage, a secondary product with no such effect, a trait that somehow hitchhikes but it doesn't significantly affects fitness, or can be somehow a recurring thing of epigenetic/cultural evolution. https://t.co/dIRDC6m3m9

Oct 12, 2022 · 1,332 followers View post →
New Science
@newscienceorg · X

The classic opinion piece by Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin, too, used metaphor to attack prevailing evolutionary ideas. It has been cited more than 10,000 times. https://t.co/V78UVWtNQQ

Aug 11, 2022 · 4 likes · 3,001 followers View post →
Look at This Cool Ben Shapiro Being Stabbed Tattoo
@ShapiroTattoo · X

@ThinkTrumpsFeel @JadziaBenntley @MarkWoodwardTN @NeasaLaKali That's not how causation works in regard to adaptations though. So you're just wrong, no matter how you try to spin it. You might start here: https://t.co/hFudLrADyX

Jun 6, 2022 · 286 followers View post →
LibKey
@libkey_io · X

@Merz @halvorz Help your colleagues avoid a paywall by accessing the article from their libraries: https://t.co/gBsvBqWnVS Simply add https://t.co/SXSePSXDsM to the DOI URL when sharing articles on Twitter and everywhere else!

Jun 1, 2022 · 556 followers View post →
Travis Hagey
@TravisHagey · X

@EpicFeil_ @Nick_Waterfield @cc7740 @wallischris10 @E_Carlen Here’s a classic paper on the pitfalls of assuming everything in nature are adaptive “The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme” S. J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin, 1979

May 22, 2022 · 1 like · 208 followers View post →
Sreepadmanabh M
@padmanabh97 · X

@DavidAngeles13 The Spandrels of San Marco paper: https://t.co/yXVjywyWE1 I work in a field that isn't even remotely related to evolutionary biology, but this paper is a favorite for its outstanding demonstration of critical analysis, and just how beautifully the arguments have been crafted.

Feb 1, 2022 · 2 likes · 516 followers View post →
Hugo Bayer
@HugoBayer1 · X

@icaille1 @SethBlackshaw Yes! To me structural and developmental constraints are a more parsimonious way of explaining than trying to find a positive or negative selection pressure. https://t.co/r1WtJLg9CK

Nov 22, 2021 · 1 like · 278 followers View post →
Ethan
@EthanOfHouseK · X

RT @Genetics_Stuff: In 1979 Stephen Gould and Richard Lewontin argued that a holistic view of body plans takes precedent over adaptation fo…

Nov 21, 2021 · 1 share · 265 followers View post →
The Genetic Basis of Stuff and Things
@Genetics_Stuff · X

In 1979 Stephen Gould and Richard Lewontin argued that a holistic view of body plans takes precedent over adaptation for a specific physical feature. #Evolution is complex, and it’s important not to oversimplify it. #SciComm https://t.co/BzfyWlSO3m

Nov 18, 2021 · 2 likes · 1 share · 33 followers View post →
fountains 移動予定 行先→@fountains551
@sterenly · X

RT @fiddler_K: The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme https://t.co/IgsDRyq2LL

Nov 4, 2021 · 1 share · 530 followers View post →
Evan Groover
@evan_groover · X

@NoamPrywes link to original essay: https://t.co/f7lQ36AWED https://t.co/tIwPRX7EeZ

Oct 30, 2021 · 7 likes · 998 followers View post →
Andrew D Hanson Lab
@ADHansonLab · X

@kevinfolta Sir Peter Medawar ‘Is the Scientific Paper a Fraud’? https://t.co/ZjsbgPXdc0 Lewontin & Gould ‘The Spandrels of San Marco’ https://t.co/zhkOOqlkHh

Oct 27, 2021 · 1 like · 2,467 followers View post →
Stacy Farina
@stacyfarina · X

@evornithology https://t.co/8y1eo56U9m

Sep 26, 2021 · 2 likes · 3,847 followers View post →
Alessandro Bartolomucci Lab
@BartolomucciLab · X

We should all read is paper with SJ Gould.. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm... @royalsociety https://t.co/9mQ5Yjxh3o .. each time we simplistically state: "x is clearly the product of evolution to condition Y". https://t.co/WTH3AJSGAL

Sep 16, 2021 · 1 like · 1,519 followers View post →
Chris Anderson
@c_n_anderson · X

@Mammals_Suck Accompanying Proximate/Ultimate Causes chapter; Paper 1: "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" https://t.co/DKzZdBXiV5 No stats examined here. I have more to say about this reading downthread 9/14

Sep 10, 2021 · 2,623 followers View post →
Gingembre O'Crevek
@Crevekino · X

@GotAkuY https://t.co/ao7H4noPi2 https://t.co/7ZeZEhkJEH Entre autres. Le but affiché et la méthode sont deux choses différentes. Comme dit quand vous faites que des hypothèses ad-hoc pour une conceptualiser une théorie, ça peut que mal se finir.

Sep 10, 2021 · 696 followers View post →
Tristan M. Cofer
@tristancofer · X

Link to the original spandrels paper by two of my personal intellectual heroes Stephen Jay Gould and Richard Lewontin. https://t.co/lc0Xvvlzoa

Sep 6, 2021 · 1 like · 242 followers View post →
Durangocide
@durangocide · X

RT @queenofpeat: So far we know: 1) hummock Sphagnum species decompose slowly, 2) there is a phylogenetic signal to hummock hollow preferen…

Sep 1, 2021 · 1 share · 580 followers View post →
Cristi Hermosillo
@Cristi_Neuro · X

Hace muchos años, un Dr. nos pidió revisar un artículo "The spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptionist programme". Algunas cosas en la evolución son meros subproductos, a quien le guste la biología debería leer este texto y a Gould.

Aug 30, 2021 · 3 likes · 60 followers View post →
Dr. Merritt Turetsky
@queenofpeat · X

So far we know: 1) hummock Sphagnum species decompose slowly, 2) there is a phylogenetic signal to hummock hollow preference across the Sphagnum genus. Are these linked? Or is this an evolutionary spandrel? Darwin loved bogs, he would know. 10/ https://t.co/umwTICskB7

Aug 27, 2021 · 18 likes · 1 share · 22,738 followers View post →
Hugh Sansom
@hughsansom · X

@johnsalmond @HERO_Respondi @respeak_uk @GeorgeMonbiot Gould-Lewontin https://t.co/vVdVE4NeHz

Aug 7, 2021 · 973 followers View post →
James Igoe
@JamesJosephIgoe · X

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme | Proceedings of… https://t.co/iupw5If1aP

Jul 15, 2021 · 1 like · 406 followers View post →
Kawai_Yusuke
@fiddler_K · X

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme https://t.co/IgsDRyq2LL

Jul 14, 2021 · 2 likes · 1 share · 350 followers View post →
sentient gloomberg...here and there
@TironStefan · X

@FeralN0is3 Here's a pdf of 1979 landmark paper by Stephen J Gould & Richard C. Lewontin The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme https://t.co/fxItotRnWf

Jul 13, 2021 · 1 like · 1,131 followers View post →
Dabbraccio Graciela
@DabbraccioGrac1 · X

RT @HallucigeniaOK: Nuevamente desafiando a Darwin postuló junto a Stephen Jay Gould que ciertos caracteres no surgen como consecuencia de…

Jul 10, 2021 · 1 share · 372 followers View post →
Yadin Dudai
@yadindudai · X

@NYTScience RIP. A great thinker and marvelous writer. Gould and Lewontin (1979), The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme, is one of my favorites. Highly recommended.

Jul 10, 2021 · 1 like · 2,912 followers View post →
Santa Fe Institute
@sfiscience · X

@svannuccini Such a good one. https://t.co/KW2hMQ40XC https://t.co/WNt5DeXSpZ

Jul 9, 2021 · 1 like · 66,337 followers View post →
Giovanni Rolla
@halterofilosofo · X

@jvelosojr Isto aqui é um primor de texto https://t.co/0bO5JtvxBR

Jul 8, 2021 · 1,924 followers View post →
Digressionsnimpress.
@nescio13 · X

RT @MarxinHell: Nice thread that sent me down a rabbit hole at the end of which I found a wonderful description of Lewontin and Gould’s pap…

Jul 7, 2021 · 1 share · 7,598 followers View post →
Sonia Mansour Robaey
@SoniaMRobaey · X

And here is his paper with another evolutionary theory giant, Stephen Gould, on the spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist program. https://t.co/276NMvnqjc #RichardCLewontin

Jul 6, 2021 · 1 like · 1,092 followers View post →
David Milliern
@kantianphysiker · X

"The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme" written with Gould (1979?) https://t.co/NBHJ9DxLoS

Jul 6, 2021 · 1,632 followers View post →
William Clare Roberts
@MarxinHell · X

Nice thread that sent me down a rabbit hole at the end of which I found a wonderful description of Lewontin and Gould’s paper, “The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Paradigm.” https://t.co/BIPthHo9kk https://t.co/juF7AXM3SA

Jul 6, 2021 · 12 likes · 1 share · 15,359 followers View post →
(((Dan Graur))) ダン דן גראור
@DanGraur · X

Richard Lewontin's most cited work (9,646 times to date): "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme." Interestingly, neither he nor Gould officially accepted the Neutral Theory. https://t.co/JzgCA15uWt

Jul 6, 2021 · 3,357 followers View post →
Martin Ezequiel Farina
@HallucigeniaOK · X

Nuevamente desafiando a Darwin postuló junto a Stephen Jay Gould que ciertos caracteres no surgen como consecuencia de la selección natural, si no que surgen como subproducto de otros caracteres que sí estuvieron moldeados por la selección natural https://t.co/B8LSWcwKSy

Jul 5, 2021 · 12 likes · 1 share · 3,885 followers View post →
Rafael Toriz
@Ninyagaiden · X

Ha muerto Richard Lewontin (1929-2021), biólogo evolucionista y también autor de esta maravilla junto a S.J. Gould: "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". Rest in pants. https://t.co/0MNewqQ2VA https://t.co/t9Rjxuzga9

Jul 5, 2021 · 1 like · 1 share · 2,569 followers View post →
Manjari Jain
@minivets · X

In last week's lab meeting @AnwaySarkar2 presented Gould and Lewontin's classic paper: The spandrels of San Marco and the panglossian paradigm.. https://t.co/gSlzK3mFbk This paper had an important impact on me as a student of #EvolutionaryBiology RIP Richard Lewontin

Jul 5, 2021 · 18 likes · 1 share · 4,733 followers View post →
yamasa7
@yamasa7 · X

Lewontin & Krakauer (1973) https://t.co/YfSS1uWQ7R Gould & Lewontin (1979) https://t.co/hvK8LLpG4r Levins & Lewontin (1985) https://t.co/R4MAdZTzua https://t.co/Y88UeQubuq

Jul 5, 2021 · 2 likes · 1 share · 302 followers View post →
The_realone
@There_alone · X

@YordamKitap https://t.co/cOKvt6HzNG

Jul 5, 2021 · 2,772 followers View post →
João
@CoelhoPre · X

Em 1979, junto com Steve Gould, publicou uma crítica ao paradigma adaptacionista panglossiano (Gould & Lewontin, 1979). https://t.co/FOJwfoVsHP

Jul 4, 2021 · 8 likes · 2,623 followers View post →
Andrew D Hanson Lab
@ADHansonLab · X

@jackcschultz I never had the privilege of meeting either Gould or Lewontin but their spandrels paper ⬇️ changed my scientific thought life. Since being introduced to it ~40 years ago I’ve passed it on to many others. https://t.co/zhkOOqlkHh

Jul 4, 2021 · 2,467 followers View post →
SiddhrthKnkaria
@SiddhrthKnkaria · X

@vishuguttal @ragh_gadagkar Some more elegant classics: - Evolution and Tinkering, by François Jacob - The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme, by S. J. Gould & R. C. Lewontin - Bees: Their Vision, Chemical Senses, and Language, by Karl von Frisch

May 31, 2021 · 11 likes · 2,985 followers View post →
Luiz Pessoa
@PessoaBrain · X

@ancetetere Not everything has to be adaptive... as in the enormously influential paper https://t.co/P02Ubv0d2Q

May 25, 2021 · 1 like · 45,407 followers View post →
hopeful monster marxistoide ☆ ☆ ☆
@alesitoide · X

@Crst_C @Lunera_Luz @esparCiencia uhhh si no lo leíste, the spandrels of san marco: https://t.co/Jg7YNx2KLR

Mar 29, 2021 · 2 likes · 22,455 followers View post →
Sophien Kamoun
@KamounLab · X

RT @ADHansonLab: @KamounLab @PlantEvolution Spandrel? https://t.co/zhkOOq3JiH

Mar 17, 2021 · 1 share · 39,865 followers View post →
Andrew D Hanson Lab
@ADHansonLab · X

@KamounLab @PlantEvolution Spandrel? https://t.co/zhkOOq3JiH

Mar 17, 2021 · 4 likes · 1 share · 2,467 followers View post →
dr Katarzyna Nowak
@katzyna · X

@grouse_hollow We are all downstream. Also: spandrels! https://t.co/kn4VJdDiIa

Feb 1, 2021 · 6,754 followers View post →
OxfordSparks
@OxfordSparks · X

@queensoxbiology @StuWest8 @AshleighGriffi6 Your question makes me think of the paper "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme" by Gould and Lewontin. Still one of my favourite paper titles

Jan 29, 2021 · 1 like · 11,545 followers View post →
Dr. Rebecca (Becca) Tarvin
@frogsicles · X

here are a few options, I'd love some other ex of articles written by folks not from the US/Europe Kettlewell 1955: https://t.co/ZyXlJJdGK2 Gould & Lewontin 1979: https://t.co/TDxbZ3DNp6 Darwin & Wallace 1858: https://t.co/gxA33HgFbV West-Eberhard 1989: https://t.co/LH9jR0aW7v

Jan 10, 2021 · 1 like · 4,192 followers View post →
Paulinha Assis
@paulinhaaprigio · X

@dandactylus Esse é um clássico que aborda esse assunto: https://t.co/nQWpo5tJAL Agora quanto a barra orbital, provavelmente é adaptativo sim, mas sempre bom ter evolução neutra como hipótese nula! ;-)

Dec 16, 2020 · 2 likes · 833 followers View post →
Dr./Prof. Keolu Fox
@KeoluFox · X

@SerenaTucci @big_data_kane Gould, Stephen Jay; Lewontin, Richard C. (21 September 1979). "The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 205 (1161): 581–598. =

Oct 30, 2020 · 6 likes · 5,613 followers View post →
Roli Wilhelm
@metarolism · X

If the title doesn't peak your curiousity (https://t.co/DLMvB3YZdN ), what about a quote from the abstract: "male tyrannosaurs may have used their diminutive front legs to titillate female partners, but this will not explain why they got so small" #evolution #adaptation

Oct 6, 2020 · 2 likes · 589 followers View post →
Marianna Karageorgi
@m_karageorgi · X

The article is here: https://t.co/UVIoy8pqci

Sep 22, 2020 · 520 followers View post →
Noah Houpt
@NoahHoupt · X

@csangell11 Here is the germane section from Gould and Lewontin (1979; The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme). https://t.co/0efzRHZXbj

Sep 22, 2020 · 1 like · 268 followers View post →
Manjari Narayan
@NeuroStats · X

@alexeyguzey @wsdewitt @biorxivpreprint Like would the spandrels paper be rejected from biorxiv? Theory doesn't have to involve math exactly. https://t.co/tjQGRE18n1

Sep 20, 2020 · 5,387 followers View post →
The Yorkshire Palaeontologist
@YorkshirePalaeo · X

@SteveStuWill You can't definitively conclude adaption from this list. This would be an adaptationists fallacy. For more: The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme - Gould and Lewontin (1979) https://t.co/WHtjaHSSj1

Sep 18, 2020 · 200 followers View post →
The Yorkshire Palaeontologist
@YorkshirePalaeo · X

@peterboghossian @SteveStuWill You can't pull and ought from that, you can't even pull a designed for (or evolved for). For more: The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme - Gould and Lewontin (1979) https://t.co/WHtjaHSSj1

Sep 18, 2020 · 200 followers View post →
Ol_Wall
@Ol_Wall · X

RT @jasoncrawford: @michaelcurzi @eigenrobot My answer is “adaptationist fallacy” https://t.co/95t2ZLz8Xx

Sep 12, 2020 · 1 share · 559 followers View post →
Jason Crawford
@jasoncrawford · X

@michaelcurzi @eigenrobot My answer is “adaptationist fallacy” https://t.co/95t2ZLz8Xx

Sep 12, 2020 · 2 likes · 1 share · 40,104 followers View post →
Andrew D Hanson Lab
@ADHansonLab · X

And WRT evolution, papers don’t come any more evergreen than this one: “The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme” https://t.co/zhkOOqlkHh https://t.co/wAsuJmCX22 https://t.co/DMh2q6F24B

Sep 8, 2020 · 1 like · 2,467 followers View post →
Joy of the People
@JOYofthePEOPLE · X

Play as a "Spandrel" Adaptations create opportunities (you might say ("affordances") https://t.co/4P4hnI2uOf https://t.co/9DVdKxWEAD

Aug 9, 2020 · 3 likes · 4,472 followers View post →
Sientifiko
@sientifiko1 · X

@Imningum1 @Race__Realist @TaniaArline The most compelling arguments against this kind of just-so-stories can be found here []https://t.co/LWHEFPbK6C and here []https://t.co/jZFd2E6T1z.

Aug 4, 2020 · 4,784 followers View post →
Pablo Guerrero
@PCGuerrero · X

Abuso de la T. Selección Natural asignándo valor adaptativo ad infinitum, para sonar sofisticado y 'evolutivo'. La biología evolutiva se desprendió de ese error hace décadas->Paradigma Panglossiano "todo existe necesariamente para el mejor de los fines" https://t.co/KxPFpRIYSc https://t.co/vcq7FEFDWs

Jul 30, 2020 · 1 like · 2,353 followers View post →
Dan Baldassarre
@evornithology · X

@Cataranea @Ibycter https://t.co/zAAIuTxpmH

Jul 26, 2020 · 19,262 followers View post →
Jaime A Castro-Mondragón
@jaimicore · X

@salazarafra Maybe this one: The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme https://t.co/RLfKjBJD2y

Jul 6, 2020 · 1 like · 469 followers View post →
Ian Peña
@thelemauwu · X

RT @Stfko_memero: @pitiklinov Los mismos argumentos absurdos e infalseables una y otra vez. Ya el '79 se echaron por el piso este tipo de…

May 31, 2020 · 1 share · 4 followers View post →
Sientifiko
@sientifiko1 · X

@pitiklinov Los mismos argumentos absurdos e infalseables una y otra vez. Ya el '79 se echaron por el piso este tipo de explicaciones adaptacionistas, pero la iglesia psicoevolcionista aún no está lista para esta discusión https://t.co/LWHEFPbK6C

May 31, 2020 · 3 likes · 1 share · 4,784 followers View post →
内藤健
@drk0311 · X

サンマルコのスパンドレル云々の古典の著者はグールドだったのか! これ知らなかったのは恥ずかしいなー https://t.co/11BDXnqmw2

May 19, 2020 · 2,850 followers View post →
Life Sciences at Brunel
@LifeBrunel · X

@AshWillmott @iamolivergibson @Tohelandback @Benedictduncan https://t.co/WMcbF73CKD

Mar 28, 2020 · 1 like · 297 followers View post →
John McGrath
@John_J_McGrath · X

RT @mendel_random: @John_J_McGrath But everyone who hasn’t done so should read the source - one of the papers that has had the most influen…

Feb 24, 2020 · 1 share · 4,841 followers View post →
george davey smith
@mendel_random · X

@John_J_McGrath But everyone who hasn’t done so should read the source - one of the papers that has had the most influence on me of all time https://t.co/aMaQNLswm9

Feb 24, 2020 · 1 like · 1 share · 9,303 followers View post →
Mitch Zuckerman
@ec0p0lis · X

@NoahFierer Maybe time for lateral thinking? https://t.co/J2mSt4LH2y https://t.co/x2GQ8BfGCs

Jan 29, 2020 · 1,400 followers View post →
Dan Baldassarre
@evornithology · X

@funcaption @BirdingMagazine @ABA @AmOrnith @WFOrnithology @RTBrumfield @warblerchips @MarkyMutchler @runbirdgirl @AllThatWildlife @DanielBolnick @michaeljparr @MOBrien152 @skwinnicki https://t.co/zAAIuTxpmH

Jan 10, 2020 · 1 like · 19,262 followers View post →
Frank D’Elia
@FrankDElia7 · X

@TakeThatCDC @krebiozen @MeddlinMegs @Sheldon_Walker_ @GeoffSchuler @_mamadeb @silversynergy @mcfunny @KStateTurk @SMcwoof @RisetteMD @Rosewind2007 @TheWorldIsFla11 @chaoticsx2 @AngelaSNMF @TheFrankmanMN @TeddyFreddy11 @JaneEOpie @AquaVelvaBoy @fiski70 @regina1775 @mimetic_ @immunotoxPhD @ianfmusgrave @DetectorStalker @lunruj @FredFrobish @TinFoilAwards @doritmi @BlueLionBlog @ChrisJohnsonMD @BeckyJohnson222 @elv_22 @WendyOrent @BlotReport @Monstercoyliar @Plasticdoe @BGLTHMND @AlumiLynn @weaponizedword1 @tombarr26816936 @jkellyca @kfunk937 @lizzysawrusrex @SmutClyde @_CWN @misinfofox @Awithonelison @VaccineCourse In evolutionary terms, wouldn't curly hair be what Gould and Lewontin called a spandrel? https://t.co/ZNRQxO78nC

Nov 12, 2019 · 1 like · 2,702 followers View post →
Wilte Zijlstra
@wilte · X

Chapter 5 has a nice discussion involving Gould & Lewontin (1979) paper on Spandrels and dr Pangloss (from Voltaire's Candide) The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme https://t.co/GBjBwURXFC

Oct 3, 2019 · 1,969 followers View post →
SocioSauvage
@sociosauvage · X

The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme S. J. Gould and R. C. Lewontin https://t.co/eYxaaTrLTw https://t.co/2NzkppxtIY

Aug 18, 2019 · 4,089 followers View post →
Philip Loring
@philiploring.com · Bluesky

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.1979.0086

Feb 21, 2019 · 1 share View post →
至
@itacccchi · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 13, 2019 · 14 shares · 393 followers View post →
томнеко@マールイ劇場はまぁるい!
@tom_neko_14 · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 1,311 followers View post →
アルミニ
@cygnusgm · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 683 followers View post →
ほにゃ
@Fusion_Eng_JPN · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 1,184 followers View post →
FURU-METAL⋈ 心は、コールドスリープ中
@furuvic · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 771 followers View post →
畠山元彦
@MuiMuiZ · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 1,028 followers View post →
サグ・ンペンペ
@khaosBento · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 421 followers View post →
Satoshi Shida
@sshida · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 320 followers View post →
彫木
@CordwainersCat · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 4,279 followers View post →
あらかわ(荒川)@bay
@39dayzero · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 494 followers View post →
じゃずにゃんこฅ^•ω•^ฅ
@Jazznyanko22 · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 758 followers View post →
サイコジェニー
@narlingstone · X

RT @Kyukimasa: それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7…

Feb 12, 2019 · 14 shares · 1,487 followers View post →
ゆきまさかずよし
@Kyukimasa · X

それにしてもヒトの鼻形状と嗅覚に関する既存学説を山ほど引用してて、そんなのあるのかって思ってたら 「進化の上で獲得した形状ならば、ヒトの鼻はメガネを支えるために進化したという仮説はともかく、」 なんだそれ https://t.co/fn8aC7HzBx スティーヴン・ジェイ・グールドだった

Feb 12, 2019 · 26 likes · 14 shares · 20,445 followers View post →
Rodrigo Medel
@medel2025 · X

@diego_castro_a Claro Diego, de todas maneras son rasgos que tienen una historia evolutiva pero eso no significa que tengan valor adaptativo y que hayan evolucionado por seleccion natural. No sé si leiste lo de Gould & Lewontin 1979. https://t.co/jTQDTZnBjZ

Feb 3, 2019 · 2 likes · 11,528 followers View post →