Physiol Rev July 2000 PMID 10893433

Creatine and creatinine metabolism.

M Wyss, R Kaddurah-Daouk

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Peak: 30 in Sep 2024

across 6 sources since Apr 2021

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Apr 2021 – Aug 2025

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Discussions revolve around the biological roles and potential medical applications of creatine, such as antiviral activity and metabolic effects, exemplified by comments about its importance in viral replication, enzyme modulation, and health benefits. The tone varies from curiosity to skepticism, with some users referencing scientific claims and others advising caution or questioning commercial supplementation, reflecting a balanced but tentative perception of the research's significance.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions indicate some support or acknowledgment of the article's focus on creatine and its relevance to health and disease, though not all explicitly agree or disagree.

InterestModerate interest

Posts show a moderate level of curiosity, with some referencing the potential therapeutic uses of creatine and its analogs, but many are casual or question the practical implications.

EngagementNeutral engagement

The engagement is moderate; some users reference specific studies and mechanisms, particularly related to antiviral properties and metabolism, but many simply acknowledge or recommend related videos.

ImpactModerate impact

The overall conversation suggests awareness of the biological significance of creatine metabolism, which could influence health practices or further research, though direct influence remains limited at this stage.

Abstract in brief

The review explores the complex metabolism of creatine and creatinine, including how they are synthesized, degraded, and distributed across different tissues, along with their physiological and pathological implications.
Recent discoveries highlight the importance of the creatine kinase system in various diseases like muscle, brain, cardiac, renal issues, and cancer, showing that its deregulation can be disease-related.
Creatine and its analogs have potential therapeutic effects, such as anti-tumor and neuroprotective properties, while oral creatine is commonly used to enhance athletic performance; however, they may also be linked to food mutagens and toxins, which are discussed within their biological context.

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All mentions

Is Creatine Effective for Muscle Gain and Cognitive Function?

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Creatine Supplementation: Benefits for Brain Health Revealed

This video discusses new discoveries on creatine supplementation and its potential benefits for brain health. Research suggests that creatine may improve cognitive functions, especially when brain levels are low due to…

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Understanding SIBO and Its Impact on Gut and Neurological Health

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Comprehensive Guide to Creatine: Uses, Benefits, and Safety

This video covers essential aspects of creatine, including its functions, optimal intake timing, quality, potential side effects, and myth-busting. Additionally, it discusses creatine's role in health, disease…

Vieira Wellness · Jan 17, 2023 156 views

Creatine Mechanisms and Impact on Sports Performance

Creatine is a popular supplement used to enhance sports performance, especially in high-intensity, short-duration activities. Short-term use is generally safe, though long-term effects and optimal dosing require further…

Dott. Giona Insolia · May 23, 2025 111 views

Creatine and Its Impact on Cognitive Function Analysis

This video discusses the effects of creatine supplementation on cognitive function, based on recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses, emphasizing their relevance for healthcare professionals. It also covers creatine…

Brainista. · Mar 25, 2025 35 views

Effects of Creatine Supplementation on Water Retention and Kidney Health

Creatine supplementation does not always cause water retention. Evidence suggests it mainly increases intracellular volume short-term, without significantly affecting total body water or causing kidney damage when used…

Wirllâne Saraiva · Jun 27, 2024 12 views

Zona Independente

@zi18br · X

Faz sentido tomar Creatina? https://t.co/deQqnmi91r via @YouTube #AtilaIamarino #IntervaloSaúde

Aug 7, 2025 · 12 followers View post →

RafaeldosSantos

@Maguines_black · X

Faz sentido tomar Creatina? https://t.co/cklnP9Pyaj via @YouTube

Jun 14, 2025 · 572 followers View post →

Lucas C. Georges

@Georges1Lucas · X

@HeataoMil_grau Esse vídeo do Átila explica bem!! https://t.co/2Nuc3KnlAD

Mar 24, 2025 · 1 like · 74 followers View post →

Ricardo Bacelar

@_ricardobacelar · X

Faz sentido tomar Creatina? https://t.co/l0zNabZx96 via @YouTube

Mar 10, 2025 · 1,376 followers View post →

Magnum

@mgmagnum · X

A melhor parte desse vídeo é o início em que ele diz o que eu sempre digo: vocês gastam rios de dinheiro para ter um ganho quase nulo em relação a que não usa esses pozinhos https://t.co/Wk2xQII4hO

Mar 9, 2025 · 621 followers View post →

Rodrigo

@QuartoSinistro · X

Pra você que gasta uma grana comprando creatina, vai lá ver o vídeo novo do Átila pra saber se você deve continuar ou não comprando isso https://t.co/VEDnPYc4lL

Feb 14, 2025 · 5,884 followers View post →

fabio paiva fagundes

@Fabiopf08Fabio · X

RT @Fabiopf08Fabio: https://t.co/P2nZUCEPV8

Feb 14, 2025 · 1 share · 43,461 followers View post →

fabio paiva fagundes

@Fabiopf08Fabio · X

https://t.co/P2nZUCEPV8

Feb 14, 2025 · 1 like · 1 share · 43,461 followers View post →

Aldo M Pacheco-Carrillo

@aldossterone · X

RT @stfuasshole00: https://t.co/9KRQ9usUCT https://t.co/E1jDYgcrrJ https://t.co/UutWeCyzFn https://t.co/JjAfRL3Ti0 https://t.co/Onyezj8…

Jan 5, 2025 · 2 shares · 431 followers View post →

ᴍᴀx ᴘᴏᴡᴇʀ TRICAMPEON (0-17)

@stfuasshole00 · X

Jan 5, 2025 · 18 likes · 2 shares · 166 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Some distant Cr analogs were also reported to have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-hypertensive, local anesthetic, and platelet antiaggregating activities."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Like standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, Cr also showed a significant analgesic action."

Sep 29, 2024 · 1 like · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In this context, it seems worth mentioning that Cr was shown to have anti-inflammatory activity comparable to phenylbutazone when evaluated in models of acute or chronic inflammation in the rat."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The design, synthesis, and evaluation of further Cr analogs and drugs for CK modulation might generate a new useful class of antiviral chemotherapeutics."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gq9WCo "The fact that cCr was effective against acyclovir- and gancyclovir-resistant strains suggests a novel mechanism of action and potential clinical use for the compound." #cyclocreatine

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The intracellular [ATP]/[ADP], the level of ATP, and the different nucleotide pools are all potential targets for modification by cCr, which could impact viral replication."

Sep 29, 2024 · 1 like · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "We have been able to determine that the effect of cCr is not on viral attachment, penetration, or uncoating, but rather on viral replication (Kaddurah-Daouk et al., unpublished data)."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In summary, according to present knowledge, the antiviral activity of cCr appears to be limited to herpes viruses." #cyclocreatine "The mechanism by which cCr exerts its antiviral activity is not fully understood."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In contrast to herpes viruses, none of the RNA viruses tested (influenza virus types A and B, parainfluenza virus type 3, and vesicular stomatitis virus) was inhibited by cCr at concentrations as high as 28.4 mM." #VSV

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Even though the number of mice analyzed was low, these findings are encouraging and call for continuing efforts to determine the potential and limits of cCr and other Cr analogs for antiviral therapy."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In #HSV2-induced encephalitis in mice, cCr administration and acyclovir treatment improved the survival rate from 5% in the placebo group to 50 and 70%, respectively."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The effect of cCr administered as 1% of the feed was comparable to acyclovir treatment at a dose of 200 mg / kg / day." "When cCr and acyclovir were used in combination, even more pronounced effects were observed." #cyclocreatine

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In the case of #HSV2-induced vaginitis in mice, cCr improved the survival rate, reduced the average lesion scores, and depressed the titers of recoverable vaginal virus by almost three orders of magnitude."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "cCr-treated control animals showed no visible signs of toxicity and gained slightly more weight than the placebo- or acyclovir-treated controls."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The antiviral activity of cCr was also evaluated in two animal models in vivo, #HSV2 vaginitis and HSV-2 encephalitis." #cyclocreatine

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "two HSV strains differing in resistance to acyclovir by a factor of 10 displayed equal sensitivity to cCr, thereby suggesting that Cr analogs represent a new class of antiviral agents, with a mode of action distinct from currently used antiviral drugs."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Despite a ninefold difference in resistance to gancyclovir, the three isolates showed equal sensitivity to cCr." #cyclocreatine

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The activity of cCr was tested against three HCMV isolates from AIDS patients that had developed different degrees of resistance to gancyclovir depending on the duration of treatment with the drug."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "cCr displayed no or only minimal toxicity to the cell monolayers used in the infection assays, thus confirming that the antiviral effect of cCr is not due to inhibition of cellular growth."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The inhibitory activity against herpes simplex viruses (#HSV) types 1 and 2 was intermediate, with ED50 values of 8 –12 mM." #HSV1 #HSV2

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "cCr seemed to be more active against primate viruses than against mouse (MCMV), guinea pig (GPCMV), and pig herpes viruses."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Among the DNA viruses tested, the human and simian cytomegaloviruses (HCMV and SCMV) and the varicella zoster virus (#VZV) were most sensitive to cCr with ED50 values of 1–5 mM." #CMV

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "The effect of cCr (#cyclocreatine) on the replication of a series of DNA and RNA viruses was evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo assays."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Modulating the CK system with Cr analogs may therefore influence the rate of ATP production and, hence, viral replication."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "including insulin-ike growth factor I, steroid hormones such as estrogen and testosterone, or signal transducers such as phospholipase C and protein kinases A and C."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "It is interesting to note that B-CK is also induced by many signals that stimulate cellular proliferation,"

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "In addition, the HCMV IE2 and adenovirus E1a gene products were shown to transactivate the B-CK gene up to 11-fold in cotransfection experiments." "These findings suggest an important role for B-CK in efficient viral replication."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "Infection by DNA viruses like the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and adenovirus was shown to transcriptionally activate cellular genes, including B-CK." #CMV

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW "E. Cr Analogs: A New Class of Antiviral Agents" "Modulation of enzyme expression in the host cell is likely to be an important step for effective viral replication."

Sep 29, 2024 · 3,955 followers View post →

Rene Sugar

@renesugar · X

Creatine and Creatinine Metabolism #cyclocreatine #MECFS #LongCovid https://t.co/0fA0gqaurW

Sep 29, 2024 · 9 likes · 3,955 followers View post →

Says who ?

@sayswhomostdef · X

RT @vitalholis: Les sources : https://t.co/URLfM3aGY0 https://t.co/JGFjuxaPip https://t.co/8uUWK2b75e https://t.co/rUHijTQ7Sc https://t.co/…

Aug 29, 2023 · 1 share · 2,608 followers View post →

Vitalholis

@vitalholis · X

Les sources : https://t.co/URLfM3aGY0 https://t.co/JGFjuxaPip https://t.co/8uUWK2b75e https://t.co/rUHijTQ7Sc https://t.co/HZG0uoDcnf https://t.co/o2wwAeaciw https://t.co/a9xUmnhxO1 https://t.co/5hF4Y7NvuN https://t.co/soTcUhdorc https://t.co/emFDUqCbxi

Aug 29, 2023 · 3 likes · 1 share · 19,097 followers View post →

Klāvs Ēvelis

@Klavs__ · X

16/15 Atsauces: https://t.co/hwnkcVoyWa https://t.co/yAegCf2Fyk https://t.co/aZg8OAh7kv https://t.co/MK7aiQudcA

Jul 5, 2023 · 13 likes · 1,395 followers View post →

Laura Davis

@drlauraamdavis · X

RT @tony_breu: 6/ This increase in urea formation explains the elevation in BUN seen with steroids.

May 5, 2023 · 4 shares · 55 followers View post →

Consuelo Arroyo Sch

@ConsueloAs · X

RT @tony_breu: 6/ This increase in urea formation explains the elevation in BUN seen with steroids.

Apr 30, 2023 · 4 shares · 116 followers View post →

Fitcart.com

@fitcartofficial · X

RT @dougkalmanphdrd: Creatine, Creatinine. Not one and the same. Learn more about their respective roles and metabolism in humans here: htt…

Sep 23, 2022 · 2 shares · 259 followers View post →

SmartNutrition

@SmartNutrition1 · X

RT @dougkalmanphdrd: Creatine, Creatinine. Not one and the same. Learn more about their respective roles and metabolism in humans here: htt…

Sep 22, 2022 · 2 shares · 2,659 followers View post →

Douglas Kalman PhD

@dougkalmanphdrd · X

Creatine, Creatinine. Not one and the same. Learn more about their respective roles and metabolism in humans here: https://t.co/N0TLoAhnt8

Sep 22, 2022 · 6 likes · 2 shares · 5,452 followers View post →

Darren Candow, PhD, CSEP-CEP, FISSN

@darrencandow · X

@mvmntcoach https://t.co/QUjXOcfR7U

Sep 14, 2022 · 1 like · 6,715 followers View post →

Magpie Biochemist

@ChemistMagpie · X

RT @chrishurst99:

Jun 29, 2022 · 1 share · 304 followers View post →

Chris Hurst

@chrishurst99 · X

Jun 29, 2022 · 4 likes · 1 share · 1,067 followers View post →

Syed Shahrul Naz

@drshahrul80 · X

RT @tony_breu: 6/ This increase in urea formation explains the elevation in BUN seen with steroids.

Apr 17, 2022 · 4 shares · 6,923 followers View post →

Tine Snchz

@csherylsanchez · X

RT @tony_breu: 6/ This increase in urea formation explains the elevation in BUN seen with steroids.

Apr 16, 2022 · 4 shares · 637 followers View post →

Tony Breu

@tonybreu.bsky.social · Bluesky

increase? https://journals.physiology.org/doi/epdf/10.1152/physrev.2000.80.3.1107

Apr 16, 2022 · 2 shares View post →

Tony Breu

@tony_breu · X

6/ This increase in urea formation explains the elevation in BUN seen with steroids.

Apr 16, 2022 · 39 likes · 4 shares · 83,412 followers View post →

Documents Delivered, LLC

@DocsDel · X

Creatine and creatinine metabolism and diseases of the neuromuscular system https://t.co/A9UsdLYGD6

Jun 12, 2021 · 178 followers View post →

Creatine and creatinine metabolism.

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