Vitamins for chronic disease prevention in adults: clinical applications.

Abstract in brief

• Suboptimal intake of certain vitamins, especially among the elderly, is linked to increased risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, cancer, and bone issues, even if they don't cause classical deficiency syndromes.
• The current evidence suggests that most adults should consider taking vitamin supplements since diet alone often doesn't provide optimal vitamin levels, but personalized supplementation based on individual factors is still limited by research.
• Healthcare providers should actively inquire about and monitor their patients' vitamin use to recommend safe and appropriate supplementation, avoiding risky practices like high-dose vitamin A during pregnancy.