J Theor Biol March 2005 PMID 15615615

A limit on the energy transfer rate from the human fat store in hypophagia.

Seymour S Alpert

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Mentions

46
Peak: 9 in Sep 2025
across 7 sources since Jan 2011

Extended reach

170,933
potential audience

Total likes

563

Video views

17,172

Mentions per month

Jan 2011 – Dec 2025

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter24 posts
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  • YouTube2 videos
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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Discussions frequently reference specific figures such as 69 kcal/kg/day and compare them to practical fat loss scenarios, with commenters analyzing the implications for fasting, diet, and body composition. The tone shifts from curiosity to analytical, emphasizing the relevance of the research for weight management debates.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions acknowledge the study's findings about the maximum energy transfer rate from fat, with some citing specific numbers like 69 kcal/kg/day, aligning with research data.

InterestHigh interest

Participants show high curiosity about how the research applies to fat loss strategies, fasting, and weight management, indicating strong interest.

EngagementHigh engagement

Posts reference detailed calculations, theoretical models, and real-world applications, demonstrating active engagement with the study’s implications.

ImpactModerate impact

While some believe the findings are significant for understanding fat loss limits, the overall consensus suggests moderate impact on current weight loss concepts.

Abstract in brief

  • The study establishes a limit of 29,025 kJ/kg/day on the rate at which human fat stores can transfer energy during hypophagia, based on experimental data with underfed individuals engaging in moderate activity.
  • When dietary intake surpasses this energy transfer limit, the body's fat-free mass (FFM) decreases immediately, but smaller deficits do not cause significant FFM loss; a mathematical model is developed to differentiate these scenarios and describe the FFM decrease when fat mass is in its energy transfer mode.
  • It is shown that the resting metabolic rate declines linearly with FFM at a rate of 24.925 kJ/kg/day during hypophagia, but this rate differs from other studies because individual metabolic differences are considered, emphasizing variability among people.]

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Theophan the Recluse Fan
@LowStudies · X

@real_lord_miles I've done a 25-day water only fast. You have to sufficient excess body fat to do it. I stopped because I got bored. This paper is very important: https://t.co/6LmUsXDBRC

Aug 29, 2025 · 17 likes · 5,855 followers View post →
Fiora Esoterica
@fioraesoterica · X

saw an interesting hypothesis the other day and vaguely wondering how much water it holds the idea is basically: 1) according to https://t.co/qZ9JmZeEz5 and other sources, there is a real-world maximum rate of free fatty acid liberation from adipose tissue

Apr 29, 2019 · 15 likes · 3,382 followers View post →
Octópodo
@Jappy_octopus · X

Hoy vamos con un hilo muy importante a la hora de calcular nuestro máximo déficit posible sin perder masa muscular, para ello nos basaremos en los siguientes estudios: https://t.co/07b957kirr https://t.co/Dy0J9GA2F2 https://t.co/mk9lHqixCr

Nov 3, 2020 · 15 likes · 3 shares · 1,750 followers View post →
Richard Boyd
@rchrdbyd · X

This seems to align with the research paper's results. (assuming I did the math right to convert KJ/kg/d to KCal/lb/d) https://t.co/P1YKu4mfyT

Jan 31, 2021 · 6 likes · 6,675 followers View post →
disco_trooper
@disco_trooper · X

@AJA_Cortes This study says you can theoretically lose up to 69 kcal per kg of fat per day, which could come out to much more than 2lbs of fat loss per week in obese people. https://t.co/MXcr7KnrHk

May 6, 2025 · 3 likes · 440 followers View post →
ディーサン/美容&Fitness
@d_sun07 · X

@purinpurinpurip https://t.co/m18LIuvFkN https://t.co/4JKA1NjcZD

Dec 17, 2025 · 2 likes · 49,543 followers View post →

All mentions

ディーサン/美容&Fitness
@d_sun07 · X

@purinpurinpurip https://t.co/m18LIuvFkN https://t.co/4JKA1NjcZD

Dec 17, 2025 · 2 likes · 49,543 followers View post →
WP
@wiktorppp · X

@Alojzypopiolek2 @tomzel @th30wlm4n Imo może być. Sporo zależy też od tego ile trzymało się wcześniej tłuszczu. Teorytycznie dopóki nie przekracza się około 70 kcal/kg tkanki tłuszczowej organizm nie powienin używać innych źródeł (mięśni). Praktycznie polecam nie schodzić poniżej bmr. https://t.co/Cv2whfRvl9

Nov 14, 2025 · 2 likes · 34 followers View post →
Theophan the Recluse Fan
@LowStudies · X

@real_lord_miles I've done a 25-day water only fast. You have to sufficient excess body fat to do it. I stopped because I got bored. This paper is very important: https://t.co/6LmUsXDBRC

Aug 29, 2025 · 17 likes · 5,855 followers View post →
disco_trooper
@disco_trooper · X

@AJA_Cortes This study says you can theoretically lose up to 69 kcal per kg of fat per day, which could come out to much more than 2lbs of fat loss per week in obese people. https://t.co/MXcr7KnrHk

May 6, 2025 · 3 likes · 440 followers View post →
Harmless Frog
@FrogHarmless · X

@Pl4ntbased See also: https://t.co/wQOm4lGjLP

Apr 28, 2025 · 557 followers View post →
Israel Podesta, PhD
@IsraelPodesta · X

"A limit on the maximum energy transfer rate from the human fat store in hypophagia is deduced from experimental data of underfed subjects maintaining moderate activity levels and is found to have a value of (290± 25) kJ/kg d" #diet #weightloss https://t.co/WumBrkeZZw

Apr 23, 2025 · 386 followers View post →
Theophan the Recluse Fan
@LowStudies · X

@TheosisQuest This is the study that shows IIRC that you can pull 30 cals from fat for every lb of fat you have. https://t.co/6LmUsXD424

Nov 14, 2024 · 1 like · 5,855 followers View post →
exfatloss
@exfatloss · X

@scromblesveng @rf121rf @tarheals31 Yea, each pound of body fat can give off around 32kcal/day according to this study: https://t.co/nAcYwrS0c7 Hence the last few pounds you're really running on fumes.

Apr 8, 2024 · 1 like · 6,853 followers View post →
GatorDadSteve
@gatordadsteve · X

@rf121rf @BobbyRaeburn @v224info 1 study I've found https://t.co/8n36KxdtnB

Feb 4, 2024 · 1 like · 1,109 followers View post →
exfatloss
@exfatloss · X

@CarnivoreAugust @HopcuttDarryl @mikeoniron https://t.co/nAcYwrSy1F

Nov 20, 2023 · 2 likes · 6,853 followers View post →
CHAIRMAN ANON
@chairmanxxx · X

@BowTiedUM Not true. Pound of fat is 3500 calories. You can burn max 31 calories per lb of body fat per day. Excessive fasting leads to loss of muscle mass. https://t.co/nlZrRYSswK

Aug 15, 2023 · 31 followers View post →
Matt Quinn
@Mqsley · X

I'm a big keto & fasting fan but this study answers so many questions https://t.co/N2Laj8eLbj There is an actual recorded limit on how much energy you can metabolize from your existing fat stores 69kcal/kg/day

Jul 19, 2023 · 5,312 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@Mikejulian26 @KetoCarnivore @exfatloss @raphaels7 @DrEenfeldt @tednaiman @luis_villasenor The Alpert paper is the latest I'm aware of estimating the amount of energy that can be released from fat without overly depleting protein stores (it's quite high for people carrying a lot of fat). https://t.co/sGZX2T11bR

Mar 23, 2023 · 2 likes · 10,996 followers View post →
LeonBedracPhD
@LeonBedrac · X

When it comes to accelerated fat loss without loss of fat-free mass, I keep coming back to Alpert's 2005 theoretical paper. Imagine you are a man who weighs 75 kilos and has 20% or 10% body fat, respectively. You want to decrease y…https://t.co/9iXaI8ysEJ https://t.co/z8Mt8R5iAf

Mar 8, 2023 · 1 like · 1 share · 45 followers View post →
Matt | Fitness & Bizness
@BodyRecompExprt · X

@AbudBakri @MPeytonCox https://t.co/PGtNiUuJ6t)%20kJ%2Fkgd.

Jan 26, 2023 · 22,197 followers View post →
Rian Norris
@NorrisSeattle · X

How much fat can you lose per week? Good question. Like I said there isn’t an exact figure. The best we have so far is data from underfeeding studies. It’s not perfect but as my grandpa used to say “You dance with the girl who brung ya”. https://t.co/MslsLjJOVz

May 24, 2021 · 2 likes · 462 followers View post →
Rian Norris
@NorrisSeattle · X

@MichelleCardel @MartinNutrition Seymour Alpert I meant. Sorry, I knew it sounded wrong when I typed it. Here is the paper. The formula is basically a way to arrive at the figure. If that makes sense. https://t.co/MslsLjJOVz

May 21, 2021 · 1 like · 462 followers View post →
Jacob Gudiol
@JacobGudiol · X

@JohnSpeakman4 @KevinH_PhD What is you take on this hypothetical limit on fat mobilisation? https://t.co/UHG9kjw5Xk To me it sounds low. There is way higher fat oxidation during exercise sometimes and didn't you show higher fat loss in the biggest loser participants Kevin?

Feb 5, 2021 · 24,366 followers View post →
Richard Boyd
@rchrdbyd · X

This seems to align with the research paper's results. (assuming I did the math right to convert KJ/kg/d to KCal/lb/d) https://t.co/P1YKu4mfyT

Jan 31, 2021 · 6 likes · 6,675 followers View post →
claimshero.eth
@claimshero__eth · X

RT @Jappy_octopus: Hoy vamos con un hilo muy importante a la hora de calcular nuestro máximo déficit posible sin perder masa muscular, para…

Nov 3, 2020 · 3 shares · 127 followers View post →
Guillem Vizcaíno
@vizcaphysiology · X

RT @Jappy_octopus: Hoy vamos con un hilo muy importante a la hora de calcular nuestro máximo déficit posible sin perder masa muscular, para…

Nov 3, 2020 · 3 shares · 192 followers View post →
David
@toreto2804 · X

RT @Jappy_octopus: Hoy vamos con un hilo muy importante a la hora de calcular nuestro máximo déficit posible sin perder masa muscular, para…

Nov 3, 2020 · 3 shares · 54 followers View post →
Octópodo
@Jappy_octopus · X

Hoy vamos con un hilo muy importante a la hora de calcular nuestro máximo déficit posible sin perder masa muscular, para ello nos basaremos en los siguientes estudios: https://t.co/07b957kirr https://t.co/Dy0J9GA2F2 https://t.co/mk9lHqixCr

Nov 3, 2020 · 15 likes · 3 shares · 1,750 followers View post →
Fiora Esoterica
@fioraesoterica · X

saw an interesting hypothesis the other day and vaguely wondering how much water it holds the idea is basically: 1) according to https://t.co/qZ9JmZeEz5 and other sources, there is a real-world maximum rate of free fatty acid liberation from adipose tissue

Apr 29, 2019 · 15 likes · 3,382 followers View post →
Kierantimminsnutrition - Facebook
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J Theor Biol. 2005 Mar 7;233(1):1-13. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.08.029. Epub 2004 Dec 8. PMID: 15615615. Biga, L.M., Dawson, S., Harwell, A., Hopkins, R ...

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Maximum Fat Loss Calculation Results | PDF | Calorie | Nutrients
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10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.08.029. Epub 2004 Dec 8. PMID: 15615615. 2. Hall KD. Body fat and fat-free mass inter-. relationships: Forbes's theory revisited. Br J Nutr.

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इस स्टडी (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.08.029) ) में कहा गया है कि लिमिट 290kj/kg या लगभग 69cal/kg या लगभग 31cal/lb है।

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พอดีกำลังหาข้อมูลอยู่ แล้วเหมือนกับว่าเราเผาผลาญไขมันได้แค่ปริมาณหนึ่งต่อวันนะ จากงานวิจัยนี้ ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.08.029 ) ) บอกว่าจำกัดอยู่ที่ ...

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Cette étude (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2004.08.029) dit que la limite est de 290kj/kg, soit environ 69cal/kg, ou environ 31cal/lb.

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233(1):1-13, doi: 10.1016/ j.jtbi.2004.08.029) and (2) the Mifflin-St. Jeor Equations for BMR. Lean mass (L) a.k.a. “fat-free body weight ...

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