Obes Rev May 2005 PMID 15836464

Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis.

S J Simpson, D Raubenheimer

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Mentions

74
Peak: 9 in Mar 2019
across 5 sources since Mar 2019

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2,377,765
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Mar 2019 – Jan 2026

Where it's discussed

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Overall, these discussions reflect a moderate agreement with the article's premise, as many acknowledge the role of protein in food intake regulation, and some cite influential studies. The tone varies from supportive to inquisitive, emphasizing the hypothesis's relevance in addressing obesity and encouraging further exploration of its implications.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions acknowledge the validity of the protein leverage hypothesis, with some referencing foundational studies by Simpson and Raubenheimer.

InterestModerate interest

Posts show moderate interest, highlighting the paper's relevance but not delving deeply into technical analysis.

EngagementModerate engagement

The discussions include mentions of related research, debate over how protein influences food intake, and references to practical implications, indicating a moderate level of engagement.

ImpactModerate impact

Several posts suggest the research could influence dietary strategies or understanding of obesity, showing a recognition of its potential societal impact.

Abstract in brief

  • The protein leverage hypothesis suggests that despite protein constituting only around 15% of dietary energy and remaining relatively constant across populations, it may paradoxically influence the obesity epidemic by affecting overall food intake.
  • The hypothesis proposes that because protein intake is tightly regulated, the body may try to meet a set protein target by increasing the consumption of other macronutrients, leading to overconsumption of calories and obesity.
  • A mathematical model, along with epidemiological, experimental, and animal data, supports this idea and makes predictions for future research to better understand protein’s role in obesity.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
P.D. Mangan Health & Freedom Maximalist
@Mangan150 · X

By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to get their protein requirements. And became obese. https://t.co/1S3MdPLYpH

Mar 25, 2019 · 75 likes · 9 shares · 309,342 followers View post →
L. Amber O'Hearn
@KetoCarnivore · X

The PLH posits that animals will eat enough of a given food to meet minimum protein needs (~15%), even if that means exceeding energy needs. It says nothing about eating more protein above adequate levels and obesity. https://t.co/byxBZl8qKl 3/4

Jun 10, 2022 · 23 likes · 1 share · 59,846 followers View post →
John Speakman
@JohnSpeakman4 · X

I can understand why we might have a dietary protein target and why that might lead to caloric over consumption by protein leverage. 4/5 https://t.co/4kUutBrlsk

Apr 7, 2021 · 15 likes · 1 share · 11,994 followers View post →
Prof David Raubenheimer & Prof Stephen Simpson
@eatlikeanimals · X

@DikemanDave @GuillaumeRally @tednaiman @AmDiabetesAssn @Travis_Statham @TuitNutrition @garytaubes @FructoseNo @ProfTimNoakes @DougieReynolds I have two answers to your question, @GuillaumeRally . First is shown in graph below: gearing of #protein leverage means a small dilution of P (e.g. 1.5%) amplifies into a large increase in F and C calories (14%!). So 0.8 % is not trivial:https://t.co/Nfb85hAg61 https://t.co/Y95rBGQG8y

Apr 10, 2020 · 6 likes · 1 share · 3,263 followers View post →
*Moon*
@Luna_Mfitnesss · X

Revisa tu consumo diario de proteína, un profesional ACTUALIZADO es el que podrá darte las mejores pautas y la cantidad adecuada de proteína que necesitas de acuerdo a tus necesidades, estilo de vida, peso y actividad física. https://t.co/9N7ygJwbeu #vivefitness #nutrición

Nov 18, 2021 · 4 likes · 11,903 followers View post →
Nick Krontiris
@nick_krontiris · X

d) protein leverage hypothesis (humans prioritize protein when regulating food intake, our protein intake is too low so we need to eat more) https://t.co/fyvSG9GwNm

Dec 31, 2020 · 3 likes · 1 share · 19,547 followers View post →

All mentions

Rowena's
@the_meat_market · X

Subscribe and watch the full video here: https://t.co/4Xx4nGCDED

Jan 3, 2026 · 655 followers View post →
#HelpYouGetGAINS
@helpYOUgetGAINS · X

This New Vinegar Method Shrinks Dormant Fat Cells (stubborn fat) https://t.co/MEkQciHZgY via @YouTube

Jan 3, 2026 · 16,797 followers View post →
うに子・ドロ・ヴィーノ
@mjkn3x · X

この新しい酢法は、休眠中の脂肪細胞(頑固な脂肪)を縮小します https://t.co/0C9lTjKQZT @YouTubeより うにー(つまりオリーブオイルリンゴ酢断食やりながらクレアチン入れてたうには正解だったってことだに)

Jan 3, 2026 · 989 followers View post →
Anarchist Noir
@AnarchistNoir · X

This New Vinegar Method Shrinks Dormant Fat Cells (stubborn fat) https://t.co/xiYwiKSFnl

Jan 3, 2026 · 451 followers View post →
Jeffrey Manwell
@JeffManwell · X

https://t.co/g8bPM9YNbw

Jan 3, 2026 · 4,678 followers View post →
ますたけ
@master_k1805 · X

ちなみに2005年の論文 https://t.co/PY4PE28trH

May 29, 2025 · 1 like · 23,657 followers View post →
Michael Fitzpatrick
@ItIsMikeFitz · X

@CoachLamby @whitfieldlewis6 @ryanattar @adamwolach @GladstoneB81859 I think you'd be interested in reading about the protein leverage hypothesis. It can absolutely help everyone resolve obesity, this is what I an talking about: https://t.co/XEM0bxOQiD

Apr 27, 2025 · 2 likes · 2,351 followers View post →
Mike Roberto
@MicroBerto · X

@Potatoe_salaad @Will_of_Europa There are some papers by Simpson and Raubenheimer from the 2000s talking about it, here's one: https://t.co/ippNaef9q5 The general idea is that all animal/human bodies demand a certain amount of protein. Giving it low-protein food (ie high-fat + high-carb -- think potato chips),

Mar 5, 2024 · 4,448 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@exfatloss @CarnivoreAugust @ChrisStraga @SmileyElmore @The_Keto_Indian @shashiiyengar @KetoCarnivore @KenDBerryMD @SBakerMD @drjasonfung @drandyphung @lowcarbusa @MrSollozzo yes. that's the original 2005 paper. full text here. https://t.co/typQhEBCLK

Nov 8, 2023 · 2 likes · 10,973 followers View post →
L. Amber O'Hearn
@KetoCarnivore · X

@exfatloss @CarnivoreAugust @ChrisStraga @SmileyElmore @The_Keto_Indian @shashiiyengar @KenDBerryMD @SBakerMD @drjasonfung @drandyphung @lowcarbusa @MrSollozzo Yes, I don't remember it being funny, but it was awhile ago. Maybe I'll look again. I'm assuming you mean "Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis"?

Nov 8, 2023 · 1 like · 59,846 followers View post →
exfatloss
@exfatloss · X

@CarnivoreAugust @ChrisStraga @SmileyElmore @The_Keto_Indian @shashiiyengar @KetoCarnivore @KenDBerryMD @SBakerMD @drjasonfung @drandyphung @lowcarbusa @MrSollozzo I was sent this one: https://t.co/6VjSXFlhNr

Nov 8, 2023 · 2 likes · 6,874 followers View post →
exfatloss
@exfatloss · X

@JohnSpeakman4 @PenelopeFigtree @TuckerGoodrich @AsarCadyn @MohammedAlo @HarvardChanSPH @fire_bottle Btw I'm talking about this paper: https://t.co/6VjSXFlhNr I don't see your name on it, are we talking about the same thing?

Nov 2, 2023 · 6,874 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@exfatloss @fysiologik https://t.co/hRVCW8DZ2S

Oct 25, 2023 · 3 likes · 10,973 followers View post →
Susan Hazelwood-Perrel
@la_vache · X

@DoctorChrisVT hello, am listening to your book for the second time (once not enough) and having heard your comments on protein being no more filling than other food, would like to know your opinion on this study https://t.co/eZ0wfpFZJ1

Aug 15, 2023 · 936 followers View post →
Maitreya
@Mithreu · X

Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis https://t.co/jUMvwuUYiD

Aug 12, 2023 · 1,252 followers View post →
tokatti
@tokatti_ · X

糖質または脂肪からのカロリー摂取量は14%も増える傾向がある。これは、タンパク質が不足した分を補おうとして、カロリーの質が低い食品の量が増えるからだと考えられる https://t.co/Ylgoc4Cvrc 2004年の研究 26人の女性を対象に1日15%のタンパク質と30%のタンパク質をくらべたところ、高タンパクの

Aug 5, 2023 · 190 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@ErasmasFigaro @TuckerGoodrich @tednaiman @DoctorTro I can't take credit for the science, but you can read it here. https://t.co/hRVCW8DZ2S

Jun 12, 2023 · 1 like · 10,973 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@twitevit @tednaiman @eatlikeanimals That's how protein leverage works. A small decrease in protein % aligns with a significant increase in energy to get adequate protein. https://t.co/hRVCW8DZ2S

Jun 12, 2023 · 2 likes · 10,973 followers View post →
Mike julian
@Mikejulian26 · X

@EvolvingMSA @exfatloss @martykendall2 @KetoCarnivore @luis_villasenor @richcollins @StickmanBleedin @kelly_hogan_zc @BenBikmanPhD @cambridge_pt From this paper https://t.co/TEMXQotVCg

Mar 28, 2023 · 248 followers View post →
RF121. Your health and fitness journey is yours.
@rf121rf · X

@KetoCarnivore @lchfRD @MacroFour @tednaiman @raphaels7 @FrogHarmless @DrEenfeldt @JimChinnis @siobhan_huggins But according to Simpson and Raubenheimer’s work, humans and most animals strive for a protein % in their diet, which appetite in a perfect world would guide you to. Ted's PE diet in theory leverages this concept. https://t.co/P3BG51IrJ3

Mar 16, 2023 · 2 likes · 1,350 followers View post →
Yi Xin
@xin_girls · X

'Obesity: The protein leverage hypothesis' A study done by two Australian researchers, Simpson and Raubenheimer #diet #food #hacks

Feb 12, 2023 · 147 followers View post →
ْ
@donje__ · X

@Fadoua_flila kan dwa saber 3la had l blan w ha les études qu'il avait cité https://t.co/tPlFItYQJo https://t.co/f3zuzFXslB https://t.co/zgng3ss7LD https://t.co/4cdjdoiAoE

Nov 23, 2022 · 3,828 followers View post →
SabineRing
@ring_sabine · X

RT @BeachlifeisB: @EricaHauver @SciTechDaily1 Raubenheimer and Simpson published their protein leverage hypothesis paper in 2005 so this is…

Nov 14, 2022 · 1 share · 49 followers View post →
BeachLife1
@BeachlifeisB · X

@EricaHauver @SciTechDaily1 Raubenheimer and Simpson published their protein leverage hypothesis paper in 2005 so this is not new, but happy more people are discovering it. https://t.co/HtYJ7ZDdYi

Nov 10, 2022 · 2 likes · 1 share · 1,729 followers View post →
Marty Kendall
@martykendall2 · X

@guido_vogel @DarinDenman @tednaiman @bendormiki @KetoCarnivore @raphaels7 @miki https://t.co/gUbX9q7zdt https://t.co/xFSM13RHjE

Jun 28, 2022 · 10,973 followers View post →
L. Amber O'Hearn
@KetoCarnivore · X

The PLH posits that animals will eat enough of a given food to meet minimum protein needs (~15%), even if that means exceeding energy needs. It says nothing about eating more protein above adequate levels and obesity. https://t.co/byxBZl8qKl 3/4

Jun 10, 2022 · 23 likes · 1 share · 59,846 followers View post →
pal@投資垢
@palcryption · X

レバナス全力ガールが、最近はレバレッジ全力ガールになってる気がする。そのうち投資だけじゃなく食事にもレバレッジを求めて、タンパク質レバレッジ仮説を推しだすんだ。 https://t.co/gAaFW6wNEy

Feb 22, 2022 · 1 like · 115 followers View post →
*Moon*
@Luna_Mfitnesss · X

Revisa tu consumo diario de proteína, un profesional ACTUALIZADO es el que podrá darte las mejores pautas y la cantidad adecuada de proteína que necesitas de acuerdo a tus necesidades, estilo de vida, peso y actividad física. https://t.co/9N7ygJwbeu #vivefitness #nutrición

Nov 18, 2021 · 4 likes · 11,903 followers View post →
Michael Mindrum, MD
@MichaelMindrum · X

The P:E diet conceptualized by @eatlikeanimals in ...2005 ? ! https://t.co/HsyToJjfT7 https://t.co/nGlU6Sa4PA

Sep 17, 2021 · 1 like · 10,371 followers View post →
thriving on low carb high protein
@LC_sailor · X

@food_strategy @BorisJohnson @sajidjavid please start over again with the National Food Strategy after reading Simpson, S. J.; Raubenheimer, D. (May 2005). "Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis". Obesity Reviews. Make the up from people who do not profit from processed food.

Jul 31, 2021 · 608 followers View post →
MacroFour
@MacroFour · X

@mosca_matthew @StreetSmartRD Facts or assumptions? Hall: 500 Calories extra a day if you eat processed foods like UPF instant noodles. https://t.co/5AeRfx6pCS Simpson & Raubenheimer: Protein Leverage Hypothesis https://t.co/G1bcBsK5pU These aren't traditional Asian noodles eaten an energy reduced diet.

Jul 30, 2021 · 6,038 followers View post →
Ben Duckett
@therapy_ph · X

One potential reason for the importance of food quality. https://t.co/76v5yfPfqb

Jul 19, 2021 · 1 like · 10 followers View post →
Observer of Things
@spinturf · X

@UberBasado @Cernovich Satiety matters — will power goes only so far when the body demands what it needs, which is protein, something sorely lacking for SAD eaters. A study in this direction: https://t.co/LsA2xSRZxJ

Jun 28, 2021 · 779 followers View post →
Guru
@KamathGurudutt · X

RT @JohnSpeakman4: I can understand why we might have a dietary protein target and why that might lead to caloric over consumption by prote…

Apr 8, 2021 · 1 share · 11,106 followers View post →
Prof David Raubenheimer & Prof Stephen Simpson
@eatlikeanimals · X

@DoctorTro @JohnSpeakman4 @JimJohnsonSci @CaloriesProper @TamarHaspel @davidludwigmd @garytaubes @KevinH_PhD Likely driven by exacerbated protein leverage in obesity (see example 3 in Fig. 4). https://t.co/Tjyj5uDPcM

Apr 7, 2021 · 1 like · 3,263 followers View post →
Bhopender Thakur
@TheBhupiThakur · X

RT @JohnSpeakman4: I can understand why we might have a dietary protein target and why that might lead to caloric over consumption by prote…

Apr 7, 2021 · 1 share · 1,388 followers View post →
John Speakman
@JohnSpeakman4 · X

I can understand why we might have a dietary protein target and why that might lead to caloric over consumption by protein leverage. 4/5 https://t.co/4kUutBrlsk

Apr 7, 2021 · 15 likes · 1 share · 11,994 followers View post →
Nick Krontiris
@nick_krontiris · X

This has also led many researchers to form the "protein leverage" hypothesis of obesity. https://t.co/iAx9C1GJwg

Mar 13, 2021 · 1 like · 19,547 followers View post →
Bhopender Thakur
@TheBhupiThakur · X

RT @nick_krontiris: d) protein leverage hypothesis (humans prioritize protein when regulating food intake, our protein intake is too low so…

Mar 9, 2021 · 1 share · 1,388 followers View post →
Nick Krontiris
@nick_krontiris · X

d) protein leverage hypothesis (humans prioritize protein when regulating food intake, our protein intake is too low so we need to eat more) https://t.co/fyvSG9GwNm

Dec 31, 2020 · 3 likes · 1 share · 19,547 followers View post →
Andy Scott
@AndyJScott · X

https://t.co/CeXymThSA8

Dec 18, 2020 · 4,726 followers View post →
ゴミチ
@gomichipp · X

Obesity: the protein leverage hypothesis - PubMed https://t.co/V0szk0T614

Dec 7, 2020 · 1,445 followers View post →
UMATTER
@x_umatter · X

https://t.co/qcWost3klL 『肥満~タンパク質レバレッジ仮説』 要するにこの論文は、食事に占めるタンパク質の割合がたったの15%であることが、食欲をてこ入れしてしまい、肥満の増加を後押しする結果になっているのではないか、と言っている。

Nov 24, 2020 · 311 followers View post →
Ted ⚡️ Naiman
@tednaiman · X

@AlexFerentinos7 @gm7t2 @SaraTirner @doctoringketo @BrianLenzkes True—sorry. Here is the scientific article that best explains nutritional geometry: https://t.co/aHqyZ0AYgW However I was serious and you will FOR SURE get the answer to your question even faster by literally Googling “nutritional geometry” and clicking on the 1st link.

Aug 18, 2020 · 95,152 followers View post →
Prof David Raubenheimer & Prof Stephen Simpson
@eatlikeanimals · X

@DikemanDave @GuillaumeRally @tednaiman @AmDiabetesAssn @Travis_Statham @TuitNutrition @garytaubes @FructoseNo @ProfTimNoakes @DougieReynolds I have two answers to your question, @GuillaumeRally . First is shown in graph below: gearing of #protein leverage means a small dilution of P (e.g. 1.5%) amplifies into a large increase in F and C calories (14%!). So 0.8 % is not trivial:https://t.co/Nfb85hAg61 https://t.co/Y95rBGQG8y

Apr 10, 2020 · 6 likes · 1 share · 3,263 followers View post →
Ali R. Jalali
@ARJalali · X

RT @DrFerraro: An Interesting Perspective on the Role of Protein Intake and Energy Balance And Obesity -> The Protein Leverage Hypothesis:…

Jul 31, 2019 · 1 share · 7,079 followers View post →
Zach Ferraro
@DrFerraro · X

An Interesting Perspective on the Role of Protein Intake and Energy Balance And Obesity -> The Protein Leverage Hypothesis: https://t.co/nYdLTqXMUs

Jul 25, 2019 · 1 like · 1 share · 682 followers View post →
Danilo Priebe ®
@danilomp10 · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 26, 2019 · 9 shares · 78 followers View post →
Alejandro Vera ©
@avera3 · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 70 followers View post →
JeffHenig at GAB
@arprisonchap · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 1,005 followers View post →
Apollyon
@Apollyon001 · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 1,597 followers View post →
Don Donahoe
@deldondo · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 310 followers View post →
Autophagy keeps me alive
@SeanFlanderhijn · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 334 followers View post →
Lesbian Tipping Habits
@DoLesbiansTip · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 2,432 followers View post →
R E B E L
@RebelRancher · X

RT @Mangan150: By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to…

Mar 25, 2019 · 9 shares · 21,274 followers View post →
P.D. Mangan Health & Freedom Maximalist
@Mangan150 · X

By promoting consumption of high carb, low fat foods, health authorities promoted low protein foods. So people ate more to get their protein requirements. And became obese. https://t.co/1S3MdPLYpH

Mar 25, 2019 · 75 likes · 9 shares · 309,342 followers View post →
References | PDF | Low Carbohydrate Diet | Dieting
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Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity, 6(2), 133–142. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. Snorgaard, O ...

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Previewpdf | PDF | Obesity | Bariatric Surgery
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PMID: 15836464 / DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. Raubenheimer D. , Simpson S.J. . Obesity (Silver Spring) (2019). PMID: 31339001 / DOI: 10.1002/oby ...

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FGF21 Signaling in Glutamatergic Neurons Is Required For Weight ...
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https:​ //doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 789X.2005.00178​.x (2005). 9. Gosby, A. K. et al. Raised FGF-21 and triglycerides accompany increased energy intake driven ...

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The Harms of High Protein | PDF | Dieting | Dietary Supplements
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... 10.1111/j.1467- Renal functional reserve in humans. Effect of protein intake on glomerular 127 62 789X.2005.00178.x. filtration rate, Am. J. Med. 75 (6) ...

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Understanding Protein Leverage in Diets | PDF | Cost Of Living ...
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doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. PMID: 15836464. 1/7 RaboResearch | Talking Points: Leveraging protein | February 2024. Protein is ...

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Entenda relação entre falta de proteína e consumo de alimentos ...
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. As mais lidas agora. Escrever à mão turbina o cérebro -- e a ciência explica por quê · Risco ...

Nov 21, 2022 View →
Valencia Foodblog - Facebook
Facebook

... 10.1111/j. 1467-789X.2005.00178.x https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17532862 - #perderpeso #dieta #adelgazar #fit #salud #fitness ...

Oct 31, 2019 View →
Kevin Hall이 단백질 레버리지 가설에 대한 생각을 바꿨어 : r/ketoscience
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com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. "비만 유행" 기간 동안 SAD의 단백질 밀도가 17%에서 15%로 감소했다는 경제 연구 결과가 있어요 ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
凯文·霍尔改变了对蛋白质杠杆效应的看法: r/ketoscience
Reddit

com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. 有一些经济学研究表明,在“肥胖症流行”期间,标准西方饮食(SAD)的蛋白质密度从大约17% 下降到15 ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
Kevin Hall Changed his mind on Protein Leverage Hypothesis : r ...
Reddit

... 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. There has been some economic research that shows over the "obesity epidemic" period, protein density of the ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
Kevin Hall ombestemte seg om protein-utnyttelseshypotesen : r ...
Reddit

... 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. Det har vært noe økonomisk forskning som viser at i løpet av "fedmeepidemien" har proteintettheten i SAD ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
Кевин Холл передумал насчет гипотезы белкового рычага : r ...
Reddit

... 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. Было несколько экономических исследований, которые показывают, что за период "эпидемии ожирения" плотность ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
Kevin Hall 對蛋白質槓桿假說改觀: r/ketoscience
Reddit

com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. 有一些經濟研究表明,在「肥胖流行」時期,標準西方飲食(SAD) 的蛋白質密度已從大約17% 下降到15 ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →
Kevin Hall, Protein Kaldıraç Hipotezi Hakkındaki Fikrini Değiştirdi : r ...
Reddit

... 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00178.x. "Obezite salgını" döneminde, SAD'nin protein yoğunluğunun, yanlış hatırlamıyorsam, %17'den %15'e düştüğünü ...

Sep 17, 2019 View →