Science May 2009 PMID 19407144

The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans.

Sarah A Tishkoff, Floyd A Reed, Françoise R Friedlaender, Christopher Ehret, Alessia Ranciaro, Alain Froment, Jibril B Hirbo, Agnes A Awomoyi, Jean-Marie Bodo, Ogobara Doumbo, Muntaser Ibrahim, Abdalla T Juma, Maritha J Kotze, Godfrey Lema, Jason H Moore

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Mentions

112
Peak: 12 in Aug 2025
across 5 sources since Apr 2022

Extended reach

1,411,349
potential audience

Total likes

256

Video views

26,999

Mentions per month

Apr 2022 – Nov 2025

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter66 posts
  • Blogs21 articles
  • News14 articles
  • Facebook8 posts
  • YouTube3 videos

AI synopsis

What people are saying

The collective discussions reflect strong consensus on the study's findings, supported by references to specific genetic research like Tishkoff's 2009 paper and large-scale projects, with tone emphasizing its scientific rigor. Participants engage by citing studies, analyzing genetic markers, and debating historical narratives, illustrating both high interest and perceived impact on understanding African and African American heritage.

AgreementStrong agreement

Most discussions support the validity and significance of the study, emphasizing its detailed findings on African and African American genetic diversity.

InterestHigh interest

Posts demonstrate high curiosity about the research’s details, methods, and implications, with many referencing specific studies and genetic markers.

EngagementHigh engagement

Many comments deepen the conversation by citing scientific papers, discussing genetic haplogroups, and debating historical and genetic facts.

ImpactHigh impact

The widespread references to scientific research and discussions about the ancestry of African Americans suggest the study influences understanding of identity, history, and genetics.

Abstract in brief

  • The study analyzed genetic data from 121 African populations, 4 African American groups, and 60 non-African populations, revealing 14 distinct ancestral clusters in Africa that align with ethnicity, language, and culture.
  • Results showed high mixed ancestry among African populations, indicating significant historical migration and interbreeding, and also found shared ancestry among hunter-gatherer groups like Khoesan speakers and Pygmies.
  • The genetic makeup of African Americans is mainly derived from Niger-Kordofanian (about 71%), European (around 13%), and other African sources (roughly 8%), with considerable individual variation in admixture levels.]

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

@Sosolinha_YT Black Americans aren't Indigenous neither aboriginal of the Americas, they are from Western/Central Africa. This is super well documented by studies, history, genetic evidence, fossil evidence, and every single serious schoolar. https://t.co/Efr0kd31nA

Aug 22, 2025 · 15 likes · 1 share · 524 followers View post →
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

Serious studies prove black Americas are FROM WESTERN/CENTRAL AFRICA, not Indigenous, not aboriginals. Native people were in the Americas first (by very far btw). https://t.co/AmqBmedHyr https://t.co/Efr0kd31nA

Aug 22, 2025 · 10 likes · 524 followers View post →
_Cochise__
@_Cochise__ · X

@19TweetStreet89 @EvansMonsta @SethL_intheWord @TheRealDanSaedi @KeenanPeachy This is wrong asf lol and posting some random Asian guy’s tweet isn’t proof, lol Talk about low IQ

Jun 20, 2025 · 8 likes · 1 share · 224 followers View post →
30inSword
@30inchsword · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmPLcc https://t.co/R9TGo5MGVK https://t.co/JUQe5z2SDM

Feb 4, 2023 · 5 likes · 1 share · 1,039 followers View post →
30inSword
@30inchsword · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmPLcc https://t.co/hh4zlET0u1

Feb 25, 2023 · 5 likes · 2 shares · 1,039 followers View post →
Khensu The Reminder
@KNeferhetep · X

@_Myslavename @unfazedactually @HeyThereWoWo for reference: https://t.co/8pd6TuvdU7 https://t.co/TNgHwSZyhG https://t.co/2AJkDovqhZ

Nov 8, 2023 · 2 likes · 1 share · 64,413 followers View post →

All mentions

David Nachman | דוד נחמן
@DavidNachman3 · X

@max_millionair @YepItsMeTho @AskPerplexity are you familiar with the genetic study titled “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans”? https://t.co/hIITvORkda

Nov 2, 2025 · 1,239 followers View post →
Outlaw Dre
@Mister_ATeam41 · X

@ASA223488191 @Nibiru1000 Sarah Tishkoff et al., “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans” - Published in: Science Express - Summary: This landmark study analyzed over 4 million genetic markers and confirmed that African Americans have deep genetic ties to West and Central Af

Oct 17, 2025 · 1 like · 217 followers View post →
Brett
@_Brett_ · X

Funny how religious zealots make wild claims then block ya, eh @nandtpolitics? debunk this study, wuss https://t.co/NAOm91qoE0

Sep 28, 2025 · 1 like · 161 followers View post →
once_again
@onceagainmoore · X

@VolkischerArier @Metaxist_spirit @not_our_guy It's common sense But since youre incurious Mallick, S. (2016). "The Simons Genome Diversity Project: 300 genomes from 142 diverse populations." Nature 538, p201 Tishkoff, S. A.,(2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans." Science 324, p1035

Sep 1, 2025 · 92 followers View post →
David Nachman | דוד נחמן
@DavidNachman3 · X

@AskPerplexity @SaintBlick @semitic_jew @AskPerplexity are you familiar with genetic study titled “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans”? https://t.co/hIITvORkda

Aug 24, 2025 · 1,239 followers View post →
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

RT @amerindian_hg: @Sosolinha_YT Black Americans aren't Indigenous neither aboriginal of the Americas, they are from Western/Central Africa…

Aug 22, 2025 · 1 share · 524 followers View post →
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

@Sosolinha_YT Black Americans aren't Indigenous neither aboriginal of the Americas, they are from Western/Central Africa. This is super well documented by studies, history, genetic evidence, fossil evidence, and every single serious schoolar. https://t.co/Efr0kd31nA

Aug 22, 2025 · 15 likes · 1 share · 524 followers View post →
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

Serious studies prove black Americas are FROM WESTERN/CENTRAL AFRICA, not Indigenous, not aboriginals. Native people were in the Americas first (by very far btw). https://t.co/AmqBmedHyr https://t.co/Efr0kd31nA

Aug 22, 2025 · 10 likes · 524 followers View post →
Amerindian HG ☀️
@amerindian_hg · X

@turtlecoal @Freetownmkteer @usc_4 @Nibiru1000 @grok South Asians, Andamanese people, Aeta people, Melanesians and Australian aborginals have dark skin but are not your people. Western/Central/Bantu Africans have dark skin and ARE your people. You guys descend from them, it is very easy to prove. https://t.co/AmqBmedHyr

Aug 22, 2025 · 1 like · 524 followers View post →
Ask Perplexity
@AskPerplexity · X

@DavidNachman3 @Firelor09722683 @Coop3Big @ChatGPTapp Yep, familiar with that 2009 study, "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"! It's a major paper that revealed a ton of genetic diversity across Africa and also looked at the ancestry of African Americans. The study found that on average, African

Aug 14, 2025 · 383,270 followers View post →
David Nachman | דוד נחמן
@DavidNachman3 · X

@Firelor09722683 @AskPerplexity @Coop3Big @ChatGPTapp @AskPerplexity are you familiar with the genetic study titled “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans”?

Aug 14, 2025 · 1,239 followers View post →
David Nachman | דוד נחמן
@DavidNachman3 · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans https://t.co/hIITvORkda

Aug 11, 2025 · 1,239 followers View post →
Ask Perplexity
@AskPerplexity · X

@DavidNachman3 @semitic_jew @FrmNGGStoGODs No, “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans” study did not find that African Americans have notable genetic ties to the Levant. The research shows African Americans’ ancestry is mostly from West and Central Africa (Niger-Kordofanian), with European

Aug 10, 2025 · 383,270 followers View post →
Ask Perplexity
@AskPerplexity · X

@DavidNachman3 @semitic_jew @FrmNGGStoGODs Yes, I’m familiar with “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans”—it’s a large-scale genetics study that mapped out genetic diversity across 121 African populations, multiple African American groups, and compared them with other global populations. The

Aug 10, 2025 · 383,270 followers View post →
David Nachman | דוד נחמן
@DavidNachman3 · X

@AskPerplexity @semitic_jew @FrmNGGStoGODs @AskPerplexity are you familiar with the genetic study titled “The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans” https://t.co/hIITvORkda

Aug 10, 2025 · 1,239 followers View post →
D_ruviert
@DRuviert · X

Referencias: - Tishkoff, S. A. (2009). The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans. - Jablonski, N. G. (2012). Living Color: The Biological and Social Meaning of Skin Color. - 1000 Genomes Project (2015). Variation in African Populations

Aug 3, 2025 · 156 followers View post →
Haman Trần Đức Thảo' era
@djanirou · X

@Dirfttog @BounoungouPatr1 @ActuFoot_ Encore une fois rien l'Afrique subsaharienne contient 94% de la diversité génétique humaine mondiale. Si tu veux aller dans un sens soit à minima logique . J'aimerai que tu interprètes et donne la source de cette PCA. https://t.co/qhzfrqY9Ev

Jul 16, 2025 · 39 followers View post →
I laugh at inbreds
@CallingYoungSc1 · X

RT @_Cochise__: @19TweetStreet89 @EvansMonsta @SethL_intheWord @TheRealDanSaedi @KeenanPeachy This is wrong asf lol and posting some random…

Jun 20, 2025 · 1 share · 219 followers View post →
_Cochise__
@_Cochise__ · X

@19TweetStreet89 @EvansMonsta @SethL_intheWord @TheRealDanSaedi @KeenanPeachy This is wrong asf lol and posting some random Asian guy’s tweet isn’t proof, lol Talk about low IQ

Jun 20, 2025 · 8 likes · 1 share · 224 followers View post →
Skull Knight
@SkllKnghtGonWld · X

@CarolinaRedWolf @_Anglosaxongirl https://t.co/tAuR2lZ56Y https://t.co/NtG8qOJVqo https://t.co/uKDcWdGsPP

Jun 15, 2025 · 46 followers View post →
Chaotic Truth Live
@ChaoticTruth1 · X

@red_recovery https://t.co/BXGdsrv6rH

Jun 2, 2025 · 1 like · 1,077 followers View post →
Angie
@Angie64961822 · X

RT @ThinkdontSee: @TanneriteCortez @HwsEleutheroi Two individuals from different African ethnic groups (e.g., a Mbuti Pygmy and a San perso…

May 18, 2025 · 1 share · 288 followers View post →
.
@ThinkdontSee · X

@TanneriteCortez @HwsEleutheroi Two individuals from different African ethnic groups (e.g., a Mbuti Pygmy and a San person) are more genetically different from each other than: •A European and an East Asian, •Or a White person and a Black American. https://t.co/0FCz6JoJBB

May 18, 2025 · 1 like · 1 share · 186 followers View post →
ScholarAI Research Agent on X
@UseScholarAI · X

@AskPerplexity @bin_jard @d_tyby11375 @Yo_u_sef @grok @moooonahy 1. **"The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans"** by Tishkoff et al. — This paper discusses the distribution of various haplogroups, including E-M329, within African populations. https://t.co/nC08oYuidm

May 16, 2025 · 112 followers View post →
ScholarAI Research Agent on X
@UseScholarAI · X

@AskPerplexity @bin_jard @d_tyby11375 @Yo_u_sef @grok @abosaleh3072 @moooonahy - "The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans" by Tishkoff et al., published in *Science* (2009), which discusses haplogroups including E-M329 and their distributions and origins in Africa.

May 14, 2025 · 112 followers View post →
ScholarAI Research Agent on X
@UseScholarAI · X

@AskPerplexity @bin_jard @d_tyby11375 @Yo_u_sef @grok @abosaleh3072 @moooonahy 1. **"The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans"** by Tishkoff et al., published in Science (2009). This paper discusses various Y-chromosome haplogroups in Africa, including E-M329, and their distribution. - https://t.co/FkQADAAa2H…

May 14, 2025 · 112 followers View post →
Veritas Quaesitor 999
@BigVeritas999 · X

@CdrPeck @a2435l @iamyesyouareno lol ok buddy, science and studies show otherwise Tishkoff et al. (2009) “African populations harbor the greatest levels of human genetic diversity.” https://t.co/xQPimaAw1b

May 7, 2025 · 232 followers View post →
jerry
@drygoberto7 · X

@eduardo81483909 @AfricajnViu Fonte: Tishkoff, S.A. et al. (2009). The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. Science, 324(5930), 1035–1044. DOI: 10.1126/science.1172257

Apr 3, 2025 · 1 like · 163 followers View post →
Soy Ateo
@ateoyagnostico · X

Tishkoff, S.A., et al. (2007). "The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans." Science. https://t.co/n56hcm3S1c Groucutt, H.S., et al. (2018). "Homo sapiens in Arabia by 85,000 years ago." Nature Ecology & Evolution. https://t.co/skbVUGUdQX Sigo...

Mar 27, 2025 · 13,426 followers View post →
FakeNoose
@FakeNoose2 · X

@CarelessReno @StarseedBuay @shakirachi1 Prove this statement with a dna test. Peer-reviewed studies on black americans say otherwise (nearly ~80% african on average). https://t.co/LLO8NeD3Hd

Feb 24, 2025 · 1 like · 63 followers View post →
Florian Papadopoulos
@travelflo · X

@antifaheini @Maxipluszwei @lichtstifter Wissenschaftlich ist es halt Schwachsinn - die Unterschiede sind kulturell bedingt, nicht gentisch: Tishkoff et al., "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (Science, 2009). https://t.co/bUolelnHtv

Dec 16, 2024 · 990 followers View post →
Florian Papadopoulos
@travelflo · X

@rtyuh34 @lichtstifter Was genau? Die Ethnie wird nur durch einen winzig kleinen Anteil der Gene übermittelt. Google mal "Tishkoff et al., "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans" (Science, 2009)" https://t.co/GTIoIsPC2H

Dec 16, 2024 · 990 followers View post →
Kemite
@BlackAmaZulu · X

@nianello6 @kaido544 @KeMeT_roots @Rema9_ @Beyoku @melinated80273 @egyptian_truth @MelaninExtracts @hhhhhhbbhhbbbb @graytown68100 @WellnessCheck12 @JBCrpted @KingEzana77 @Fv07wX9IdQEjEwU @U740_2 @kemetnubiakamp @Mikey234 @Woosey7945 @Natufian_ @U780_2 @crypto_drm @iamfozzy27 @DOmowale @MiroCyo The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans. Sara A Tiskoff 2009. Google this study. https://t.co/Kts32i1fUP

Dec 1, 2024 · 163 followers View post →
ABIMIX
@ABIMIX3 · X

@IanMalcolm84 @The_Xyz15 The claim is just racist, not evidence based. Here the Scientific papers

Nov 13, 2024 · 55 followers View post →
chosen_r_few6
@7_choosen · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans | Science https://t.co/MFZWsibVNf

Oct 28, 2024 · 196 followers View post →
Djali
@Sirthagr8t · X

@Nonexis28139244 @YaBoiRawji @CCFreedmen @malexandria242 "The 1000 Genomes project has also expanded to include people of RECENT African descent including African Americans from the southwestern United States and African Caribbean individuals from Barbados" https://t.co/E8rDVGt46N https://t.co/rXrp4k6Yvj

Jul 4, 2024 · 1 like · 35 followers View post →
Kemite
@BlackAmaZulu · X

@supergremlin911 1.) FBA's do have African ancestry from Senegambia groups like (Fula, Mandinka and wolof) look it up (https://t.co/CNfLiRIsTk) 2.) Pan Africanism isn't common practice if igbos want to separate, Rwanda/DRC conflict, Ethiopia/Somaliland vs Somalia, Mali vs Berbers.

Jun 25, 2024 · 2 likes · 163 followers View post →
ghetto intellectual™
@kzshabazz · X

@SheMeanzBizness @JerryGrave20056 @PresidentAdaeze source: https://t.co/rvyJ5NuTWK

Apr 30, 2024 · 28,182 followers View post →
NEGRO_studiess
@NEGRO_studiess · X

@Maroctv_ @MollyWop9

Apr 11, 2024 · 1,524 followers View post →
NEGRO_studiess
@NEGRO_studiess · X

@Maroctv_ @MollyWop9 Yall FBA CULT is evil lying https://t.co/vXkPNW4Nb3

Apr 11, 2024 · 1,524 followers View post →
American Black
@Namekian015 · X

RT @30inchsword: The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/Yh…

Apr 4, 2024 · 2 shares · 910 followers View post →
Nature Reviews Genetics
@NatureRevGenet · X

Related article: Tishkoff, S. A. et al. The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans. Science 324, 1035–1044 (2009)

Mar 28, 2024 · 1 like · 92,789 followers View post →
Guru
@ChampBronson · X

@Robicheaux63571 @Moshopeane @Kamjiverse The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (~71%) European (~13%), and other African (~8%) populations, with admixture variations. Take care. The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans https://t.co/1htDsRzvRm

Feb 22, 2024 · 146 followers View post →
Pastor of Muppets (Detritus Pontificate)
@DPontificatus · X

@MungBeanzRule @the_irv_m_ @Sargon_of_Akkad It's a rendering of gene clusters produced from the dataset here: https://t.co/jyJ268Gqsk

Feb 2, 2024 · 232 followers View post →
FakeNoose
@FakeNoose2 · X

@TurtleIslandlnc @Bigdadalf @HenriettaSnacks https://t.co/LLO8NeD3Hd

Jan 24, 2024 · 63 followers View post →
Khensu The Reminder
@KNeferhetep · X

@_Myslavename @unfazedactually @HeyThereWoWo for reference: https://t.co/8pd6TuvdU7 https://t.co/TNgHwSZyhG https://t.co/2AJkDovqhZ

Nov 8, 2023 · 2 likes · 1 share · 64,413 followers View post →
Dersú Georg Menescal
@DersuGeorg · X

https://t.co/bWCcmCn0Zz https://t.co/2C4O0LhcW1

Sep 30, 2023 · 189 followers View post →
Homo Erectus
@HomoEre14019193 · X

https://t.co/J0emEBfTUD

Sep 5, 2023 · 2 likes · 108 followers View post →
ⒶЯT :
@anarcho_app · X

@Beyoku @Hildajonson211 @1beinggood @Uncle_ShutUp https://t.co/pzPRHM8AGH https://t.co/qwkQCLk7dI

Aug 30, 2023 · 4,154 followers View post →
seventy seven
@felixrexington1 · X

@BanyX6 @Banny_Xchi @Njakiri_Ceze @pastorlucifer18 @EweduEnjoyer https://t.co/6znnI6mmry. 65% of AA'S Y-DNA is african. https://t.co/Ndj18hS7ha. 79% of their ancestry is african. no our descendants dotn compare to low iq docile, scarfgaced, ewedu drinking babatundes, made for m@ss r4pe by fulanis, and europeans.

Jul 29, 2023 · 2 likes · 67 followers View post →
seventy seven
@felixrexington1 · X

@BanyX6 @Banny_Xchi @Njakiri_Ceze @pastorlucifer18 The ancestry of African Americans is predominantly from Niger-Kordofanian (approximately 71%), European (approximately 13%), and other African (approximately 8%) populations, although admixture levels varied considerably among individuals https://t.co/Ndj18hS7ha.

Jul 29, 2023 · 1 like · 67 followers View post →
Darwin la Vengeance
@Darwinvsle15823 · X

@PaleonewsFrance @JURASSIK_cedrik Ah j'avais pas vu que tu m'avais bloqué, sale chien. T'inquiète pas pépère nous savons que tu a diffuser une phylogenie bancale... https://t.co/wGMf0VdeIG https://t.co/yVC8TjsO4a

Jun 4, 2023 · 27 followers View post →
Vic
@Vic18246223 · X

@Ernesto191975 @Hru_7 Sarah A. Tishkoff et al. The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans

May 20, 2023 · 2 likes · 268 followers View post →
Lusulpher #CutTheCheck B1
@Lusulpher1 · X

RT @718Fba: The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmP…

Apr 15, 2023 · 2 shares · 1,115 followers View post →
30inSword
@30inchsword · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmPLcc https://t.co/hh4zlET0u1

Feb 25, 2023 · 5 likes · 2 shares · 1,039 followers View post →
Cynthia Tchio, MS, PhD
@Cynthia_Tchio · X

Waking up to the sound of PCA in EPI511 class. I’ve been loving our Thursday morning journal club. #Genetic #Genomics https://t.co/HKp3y0aXMV https://t.co/eTb4Gs8yQy https://t.co/tLGjNcKO63

Feb 9, 2023 · 1 like · 349 followers View post →
Black Phenotype
@BlackPhenotype · X

RT @718Fba: The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmP…

Feb 4, 2023 · 1 share · 1,123 followers View post →
30inSword
@30inchsword · X

The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans (Proportions of AACs African American) https://t.co/YhoaMmPLcc https://t.co/R9TGo5MGVK https://t.co/JUQe5z2SDM

Feb 4, 2023 · 5 likes · 1 share · 1,039 followers View post →
AstenB
@Beyoku · X

@cecild84 @ChezCharde In 2009 Sarah Tishkoff released the most informative study on African and Black American ancestry. https://t.co/EfifT19y4L In 2020 23andMe produced a study with the largest sampling at around 50k participants, 30k of which have African Ancestry. https://t.co/Y8SQKf67GL

Feb 1, 2023 · 1,198 followers View post →
Darwin la vengeance
@VsGenetic · X

@dorkbarn @Factsrules_fr @Ephemerenuit @stdebove Voici pour monsieur. https://t.co/xZk2eDRv3o

Jan 2, 2023 · 1 like · 8 followers View post →
AstenB
@Beyoku · X

@negropessimist https://t.co/UkwqpFwzoZ

Dec 8, 2022 · 2 likes · 1,198 followers View post →
Black Phenotype
@BlackPhenotype · X

https://t.co/mPHpB5YRNM

Nov 25, 2022 · 1,123 followers View post →
Agu Ekeugo.
@kermbili · X

they came and met Igbo ancestors on ground and inter-married . Reference: ■The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans ■ Powell A, Plaster CA, Zeitlyn D, Mendell NR, Weale ME, Bradman N, Thomas MG (March 2010). "

Aug 16, 2022 · 2,235 followers View post →
Chester Ellis
@ce9461 · X

https://t.co/C5V2QNkYI8

Jun 13, 2022 · 950 followers View post →
EL Plan de Xabi
@johnFstemmedy · X

@No_19_74 @disco_escobar @ugly_but_rich @Der_Matthes Objektive Beschreibung. Henry Louis Gates, Jr.: Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. Basic Civitas Books, New York 1999 https://t.co/GzHawjRr84 https://t.co/ms1U6WcYsp

Apr 27, 2022 · 332 followers View post →
EL Plan de Xabi
@johnFstemmedy · X

@No_19_74 @ugly_but_rich @disco_escobar @Der_Matthes Falsch. https://t.co/ms1U6WcYsp

Apr 27, 2022 · 332 followers View post →