Considering anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective.

Abstract in brief

• The paper explores anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective, emphasizing that reactive aggression is the primary outward behavior of anger, with anger linked to specific neural systems such as the amygdala, hypothalamus, and periaqueductal gray, which are involved in threat response.
• It highlights that dysfunction in brain regions responsible for regulating these threat systems, like the frontal cortex, can lead to increased anger, especially in conditions like lesions or stress-related disorders like PTSD.
• Additionally, the article discusses how frustration—whether from blocked rewards or social interference—triggers anger through neural mechanisms involved in changing behavior and responses to social and non-social provocations.]