Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks.

Per Nilsen

April 2015

Synopsis of Social media discussions

The collective commentary reflects strong support for the article as a valuable resource, with examples like references to Nilsen's paper and mentions of how frameworks aid in understanding complex healthcare implementation. The tone is professional and collaborative, emphasizing practical applications and scholarly contributions, which underscores the perceived importance and impact of these discussions.

A
Agreement
 Moderate agreement

Most discussions express support and appreciation for the importance of understanding implementation theories and frameworks, highlighting their usefulness and relevance.

I
Interest
 High level of interest

There is a high level of curiosity and engagement with the topic, with many posts sharing resources, citing key papers, and discussing practical applications.

E
Engagement
 Moderate level of engagement

Posts show moderate to deep engagement through references to specific models, articles, and calls to action, indicating thoughtful interaction rather than superficial mention.

I
Impact
 Moderate level of impact

The discussions suggest that the article and related frameworks significantly influence practice, research, and professional development in implementation science.

Social Mentions

YouTube

2 Videos

Bluesky

3 Posts

Twitter

74 Posts

Blogs

4 Articles

News

2 Articles

Metrics

Video Views

857

Total Likes

158

Extended Reach

170,238

Social Features

85

Timeline: Posts about article

Top Social Media Posts

Posts referencing the article

Implementing Evidence-Based Healthcare in Complex Settings Principles and Models

Implementing Evidence-Based Healthcare in Complex Settings Principles and Models

Executive Director of JBI Prof Zoe Jordan and AProf Craig Lockwood discuss principles for implementing evidence in complex healthcare settings, focusing on the JBI Model of Evidence-Based Healthcare, culture, communication, capacity, and collaboration.

JBI

August 25, 2023

588 views

Identifying Barriers to Improving Clinical Practice in Implementation Science

Identifying Barriers to Improving Clinical Practice in Implementation Science

This video explores approaches to identifying and overcoming barriers to improving clinical practice, emphasizing the importance of theories, models, and frameworks in implementation science to understand why improvements succeed or fail.

Yorkshire Quality and Safety Research Group - YQSR

April 22, 2021

191 views

Steps to Build a Resilient Organization

Steps to Build a Resilient Organization

HOPE Workforce Wellness and Resiliency

May 18, 2024

78 views

  • ImpSci @ UW
    @impsciuw.bsky.social (Bluesky)


    view full post

    September 30, 2025

    3

    1

  • JBI
    @JBIEBHC (Twitter)

    Executive Director of JBI, Prof @zoejordan15 and A/Prof @CraigSL01 co-present on overarching principles for implementation in complex healthcare settings. Watch the full JBI LIVE webinar at https://t.co/aEzEKdHR6c. #JBIEBHC #EBHC #ThinkFAME #JBIMethodology https://t.co/LVph8pbp4g
    view full post

    March 25, 2025

    2

  • Penaaz Shaikh
    @drapeastory (Twitter)

    RT @JBIEBHC: Executive Director of JBI, Prof @zoejordan15 and A/Prof @CraigSL01 co-present on overarching principles for implementation in…
    view full post

    February 13, 2025

    1

  • JBI
    @JBIEBHC (Twitter)

    Executive Director of JBI, Prof @zoejordan15 and A/Prof @CraigSL01 co-present on overarching principles for implementation in complex healthcare settings. Watch the full JBI LIVE webinar at https://t.co/NRZf2hv5Tr. #JBIEBHC #EBHC #ThinkFAME https://t.co/fs5zFAYEsC
    view full post

    February 12, 2025

    3

    1

  • Sean Snyder, DPA, MSW, LCSW
    @seansnyderlcsw.bsky.social (Bluesky)

    Great primer on how the #impsci field organizes its thinking: Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.... #academicsky #psychology #health #cbtworks
    view full post

    November 19, 2024

    4

    2

  • Michael Sykes
    @msykes.bsky.social (Bluesky)

    Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks #ImpSci implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10....
    view full post

    October 30, 2024

    1

  • Nursing Research Institute
    @NRI_research (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Someone just shared us what some of our go-to #ImpSci papers
    view full post

    October 22, 2023

    3

  • Rebecca Armstrong
    @_rebecca76_ (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Someone just shared us what some of our go-to #ImpSci papers
    view full post

    October 22, 2023

    3

  • Hazel Roddam, FRCSLT
    @HazelRoddam1 (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Someone just shared us what some of our go-to #ImpSci papers
    view full post

    October 22, 2023

    3

  • The Center for Implementation
    @TCI_ca (Twitter)

    Someone just shared us what some of our go-to #ImpSci papers
    view full post

    October 22, 2023

    4

    3

  • Dr David Armstrong
    @DrDArmstrong (Twitter)

    @lynsey_bilsland Consider implementation - practice abandonment and poor implementation in setting could have prevented the intended benefits from happening - see Nilsen (2015) https://t.co/MkWncSgJr5
    view full post

    September 27, 2023

    2

  • Cameron Brodie
    @CameronBro86170 (Twitter)

    @JustMisogyny There are 'manuals' on how to make this all go away. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks https://t.co/ypXAH3Py17
    view full post

    September 7, 2023

  • Cameron Brodie
    @CameronBro86170 (Twitter)

    @zaelefty He is a good example of the genderwang industry. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks https://t.co/ypXAH3Py17
    view full post

    September 6, 2023

  • Cameron Brodie
    @CameronBro86170 (Twitter)

    @bjportraits Queer theory was never intended as a practical framework for living. Though some are obviously trying to make a career out of misrepresenting it as such. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks https://t.co/ypXAH3Py17
    view full post

    September 6, 2023

    1

  • JBI
    @JBIEBHC (Twitter)

    Watch #JBILIVE webinar where @zoejordan15 & @CraigSL01 present overarching principles for implementation in complex healthcare settings through discussion & a series of micro interviews with international experts in evidence implementation. https://t.co/yqUohsyoge #JBIEBHC https://t.co/gzmsvwH6C6
    view full post

    September 1, 2023

    2

  • JBI
    @JBIEBHC (Twitter)

    Watch #JBILIVE webinar where @zoejordan15 & @CraigSL01 present overarching principles for implementation in complex healthcare settings through discussion & a series of micro interviews with international experts in evidence implementation. https://t.co/yqUohsyoge #JBIEBHC https://t.co/82d9fBYi5X
    view full post

    August 28, 2023

    3

  • EBE Japan
    @m072132 (Twitter)

    RT @at_ayeaye: Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworksを再読中．実装科学(とその周辺領域)で使われる理論/モデル/フレームワークを5カテゴリに分類し、さらに3つの目的にタイプ分け…
    view full post

    July 9, 2023

    1

  • at_ayeaye
    @at_ayeaye (Twitter)

    Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworksを再読中．実装科学(とその周辺領域)で使われる理論/モデル/フレームワークを5カテゴリに分類し、さらに3つの目的にタイプ分けしたものを提示. Implement Sci, 2015より https://t.co/KC7Os2GmcL #EBM #EBI #EBP #ImplementaionScience
    view full post

    July 9, 2023

    8

    1

  • Matthew McDonald
    @mdmcdonald89 (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 6, 2023

    7

  • Andrew Booth
    @AndrewB007h (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 6, 2023

    7

  • Kim Szeto
    @szeto_kim (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 5, 2023

    7

  • Jana
    @janadeborahmd (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 5, 2023

    7

  • Nadia Adjoa Sam, MD, CTropMed
    @NASAdoc (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 5, 2023

    7

  • Dr Katie Buckley
    @drkatiebuckley (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    July 5, 2023

    7

  • The Center for Implementation
    @TCI_ca (Twitter)

    Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are some go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV 2️⃣ https://t.co/T8TRc25zL0 3️⃣ https://t.co/7idF0wSxyw
    view full post

    July 5, 2023

    15

    7

  • Boltena Minyahil
    @BMinyahil (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are the go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV…
    view full post

    April 6, 2023

    1

  • The Center for Implementation
    @TCI_ca (Twitter)

    Are you looking for papers about #ImpSci frameworks? Here are the go-to papers that we refer to: 1️⃣ https://t.co/Tiod71cODV 2️⃣ https://t.co/T8TRc25zL0 3️⃣ https://t.co/7idF0wSxyw
    view full post

    April 6, 2023

    14

    1

  • Chelsea Coumoundouros
    @ChelseaCoum (Twitter)

    First - there are SO many theories and frameworks! How can we make sense of them all?
    view full post

    April 6, 2023

    1

  • Alison Hamilton
    @Alisonh3 (Twitter)

    @RussGlasgow @Rsbeidas And: https://t.co/ZFUc2vrApO
    view full post

    January 31, 2023

  • D.Y
    @dal0028751 (Twitter)

    https://t.co/Evk2TSYOa8
    view full post

    December 19, 2022

  • Dr Julie Brown (Duncan Millar) PhD
    @jduncanmillar (Twitter)

    Dr Kathryn Jarvis got us thinking about the need for selecting an implementation framework to help implement a complex intervention into practice. I go back to this paper when thinking about implementation frameworks:
    view full post

    November 30, 2022

    1

  • Rinad Beidas, PhD
    @Rsbeidas (Twitter)

    Frameworks: https://t.co/6uz1VOrDd7, https://t.co/AJ3n9wO8HX, https://t.co/nGlq5hQccN, https://t.co/G7JFAmoB4H
    view full post

    July 18, 2022

    5

  • Health Services Research UK
    @HSRN_UK (Twitter)

    RT @wolstenholme_d: #HSRUK22 @HSRN_UK In implementation session doing favorite theories and frameworks, had to cite Per Nielsen https://t.c…
    view full post

    July 7, 2022

    1

  • daniel wolstenholme
    @wolstenholme_d (Twitter)

    #HSRUK22 @HSRN_UK In implementation session doing favorite theories and frameworks, had to cite Per Nielsen https://t.co/hyd8kx5rRE
    view full post

    July 7, 2022

    4

    1

  • Dr David Preston
    @davidp_ep (Twitter)

    @EtPsychology If you're interested in utilising implementation frameworks to support the project (which I'd definitely recommend), Nilsen (2015) "Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks" is very helpful in guiding you to decide what you want/need from such a framework.
    view full post

    April 24, 2022

    1

  • ECLIPSE Subgroup
    @ECLIPSE_PALISI (Twitter)

    Overview of implementation theories, models, and frameworks by Nilsen. A great overall primer! https://t.co/etIShBneGY
    view full post

    March 29, 2022

  • Jen RM
    @oxytocinmagic (Twitter)

    @BrynKemp @LouiseD44986590 @birthrightsorg @NHSuk Many more implementation evaluations we could be utilising to understand systems thinking, instead of RCA, it’s archaic. Missing a massive trick in the mat system. If you’re interested have a look at this link below ⬇️ https://t.co/ArAEhYdN1A
    view full post

    February 21, 2022

  • Prof Kylie Hesketh
    @KylieHesketh (Twitter)

    @ASPActivity @Harriet_Koorts @LouiseCzosnek @samuelcassar This is one I started out with: https://t.co/0DI5kBQeb1
    view full post

    October 8, 2021

    1

  • Laurent MARC
    @laurentmarc45 (Twitter)

    RT @thinkin_mkdeabh: Mais ici, on peut lire la différence entre ce qu'est un cadre et un modèle (bon ici c'est dans le cadre de l'implément…
    view full post

    August 19, 2021

    1


  • @thinkin_mkdeabh (Twitter)

    Mais ici, on peut lire la différence entre ce qu'est un cadre et un modèle (bon ici c'est dans le cadre de l'implémentation) https://t.co/4SSPndzoR0 C'est justement une critique qui a été émis sur le modèle BPS, que c'est souvent décrit comme un cadre plutôt que comme un modèle
    view full post

    August 19, 2021

    5

    1

  • Melinda Davis, PhD
    @drmelindadavis (Twitter)

    @BlondeScientist @AprilYOh @DrAriKorn @PrajaktaAdsul @DrRachelShelton @StephWheelerUNC @shobarama The #participatoryimpsci article led by @shobarama made me her fan for life. I also love this article by @pernilsen. I know frameworks are fun for @birkensarah , but this helped me shift my thinking from messy web/necessary hassle to value add. https://t.co/y2vGQlDVzi
    view full post

    July 8, 2021

    5

  • お薬屋
    @CareerPharm (Twitter)

    RT @RADISH_2018: ・初期の実装研究は経験的な方法で実施され、「とても高くつく試行錯誤」。 ・その後、実装成功への理論の重要性が認識され、非常に多くの理論、モデル、フレームワーク（TMF）が使われている。 ・しかし、それが混乱を生んでいる。 　→TMF選択に役立つ…
    view full post

    June 28, 2021

    1

  • RADISH 保健医療福祉における普及と実装科学研究会
    @RADISH_2018 (Twitter)

    ・初期の実装研究は経験的な方法で実施され、「とても高くつく試行錯誤」。 ・その後、実装成功への理論の重要性が認識され、非常に多くの理論、モデル、フレームワーク（TMF）が使われている。 ・しかし、それが混乱を生んでいる。 　→TMF選択に役立つ分類を提示。 https://t.co/GOIZb8LeIS
    view full post

    June 25, 2021

    4

    1

  • Annette Boaz
    @AnnetteBoaz (Twitter)

    RT @999_Caitlin: That moment in #ImpSciM21 when Prof Per Nilsen casually refers to his seminal paper on #implementation #theories, #models…
    view full post

    June 24, 2021

    2

  • Nick Sevdalis
    @NickSevdalis (Twitter)

    RT @999_Caitlin: That moment in #ImpSciM21 when Prof Per Nilsen casually refers to his seminal paper on #implementation #theories, #models…
    view full post

    June 24, 2021

    2

  • Caitlin Wilson
    @999_Caitlin (Twitter)

    That moment in #ImpSciM21 when Prof Per Nilsen casually refers to his seminal paper on #implementation #theories, #models & #frameworks as having been read a few times... 221k article accesses & 1049 citations. Just a few. https://t.co/TWnzHM5SKv
    view full post

    June 24, 2021

    8

    2

  • Anthony Coetzer-Liversage
    @AnnoCL (Twitter)

    RT @GBarnesMD: @SJanosick @ImplementSci @ImpScience Spend some time figuring out various frameworks. There are process frameworks, determin…
    view full post

    June 22, 2021

    1

  • Audrey Bowen
    @audreybowenprof (Twitter)

    RT @ImpetusStroke: here's a great paper about implementation theories, models and frameworks: https://t.co/edDgg40Lnj
    view full post

    June 16, 2021

    1

  • IMPETUSstroke
    @ImpetusStroke (Twitter)

    here's a great paper about implementation theories, models and frameworks: https://t.co/edDgg40Lnj
    view full post

    June 16, 2021

    1

  • Wilfred T. Gurupira
    @wilfguru (Twitter)

    RT @TCI_ca: 1⃣https://t.co/osdnBSBGUQ 2⃣https://t.co/3gMcAhbRlN 3⃣https://t.co/dSYjg0Lvj1 4⃣https://t.co/Tiod71tRFV
    view full post

    March 29, 2021

    1

  • The Center for Implementation
    @TCI_ca (Twitter)

    1⃣https://t.co/osdnBSBGUQ 2⃣https://t.co/3gMcAhbRlN 3⃣https://t.co/dSYjg0Lvj1 4⃣https://t.co/Tiod71tRFV
    view full post

    March 29, 2021

    3

    1

  • Dr Paula Bradley
    @drptbradley (Twitter)

    @drpoco I liked this one https://t.co/IRn1IVou8O
    view full post

    October 22, 2020

    1

  • Ilyas A
    @IlyasAzzioui (Twitter)

    https://t.co/WurIWFojwU
    view full post

    August 10, 2020

  • Caislin Firth
    @CaislinF (Twitter)

    @EpiEllie I’m using imp sci frameworks for language to talk about context in non-clinical interventions. Nilsen’s making sense of imp sci models super helpful (https://t.co/dbZWfoDUtN). And @SWS_FASTLab adaptations for evidence-based interventions (https://t.co/GLP24RzoZb)
    view full post

    July 10, 2020

    10

    1

  • Nicolette Warren
    @lette1922 (Twitter)

    RT @SOPHEtweets: #VirtualSOPHE2020 Implementation Science Resources: - https://t.co/EWwxm64RtR - https://t.co/39wpH5NdvF - https://t.co/oWb…
    view full post

    March 25, 2020

    3

  • Dr. Aditi Bussells
    @aditisrivastav (Twitter)

    RT @SOPHEtweets: #VirtualSOPHE2020 Implementation Science Resources: - https://t.co/EWwxm64RtR - https://t.co/39wpH5NdvF - https://t.co/oWb…
    view full post

    March 19, 2020

    3

  • PublicHealthMaps
    @PublicHealthMap (Twitter)

    RT @SOPHEtweets: #VirtualSOPHE2020 Implementation Science Resources: - https://t.co/EWwxm64RtR - https://t.co/39wpH5NdvF - https://t.co/oWb…
    view full post

    March 19, 2020

    3

  • Geoff Barnes
    @GBarnesMD (Twitter)

    @SJanosick @ImplementSci @ImpScience Spend some time figuring out various frameworks. There are process frameworks, determinants frameworks, and evaluation frameworks. See here for more details: https://t.co/l14KFItSEp @ImplementSci
    view full post

    February 11, 2020

    14

    1

  • Alison Stuebe
    @astuebe (Twitter)

    Best intro to implementation science frameworks, theories and models: https://t.co/8gPxFxYiv2 #SMFM20 https://t.co/VvbjC2su21
    view full post

    February 4, 2020

    4

  • Dr Alana Delaforce PhD, RN
    @alanadelaforce (Twitter)

    @NrsgResearch @reepRN There is an entire journal dedicated to it if you are interested @ImplementSci A primer paper is Per Nilsen "Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks". https://t.co/A4BEv5ktz5
    view full post

    January 16, 2020

  • Heme PT
    @lmvolland (Twitter)

    This article by Nilsen is a fantastic resource for theories, models, and frameworks utilized in implementation science. https://t.co/S4u5qtjeYW. #implementation #discience #translation
    view full post

    January 5, 2020

  • Taren Massey-Swindle, PhD
    @taren_swindle (Twitter)

    @TELLlab @tiffanyphogan @PamelaSnow2 @NathanielRSwain @botting_nikki @Suze_Freogirl @SusanEbbels @lfinestack @hstorkel @mcgregor_karla @larchiba6 @ASHAWeb @Nat_Douglas @AcademyHealth @MarkSBauerMD Next - 2 pieces on theories, models, and frameworks in #impsci - https://t.co/UKsGZdttqo https://t.co/wNCfQsVywh
    view full post

    December 8, 2019

    3

  • Lisa Archibald
    @larchiba6 (Twitter)

    How to choose process and action models in Implementation Science. A guiding paper: https://t.co/epASa8wW8g
    view full post

    November 15, 2019

  • camescoffery
    @camescoffery (Twitter)

    Friday #impsci Resource: D&I Theories 2 of my favorite readings on types of D&I theories and practice's use of theory Making sense of implementation theories https://t.co/IgXTQEsQCg Criteria for selecting implementation science theories https://t.co/EjEWJw7Ax4
    view full post

    October 4, 2019

    2

  • Kate Bridgman, PhD
    @bridgman_k (Twitter)

    And now I’m at the airport reading about #implentationscience to understand the #ebp and #researchtranslation issues I’ve been workshopping for 5 years. Who knew it was a thing
    view full post

    July 5, 2019

    3

  • Dr Elizabeth Annabel O'Donnell PhD CPsychol
    @AnnabelDonnell (Twitter)

    Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks https://t.co/7dSXkFQmYn #impsci
    view full post

    January 26, 2019

  • Marianne Piano
    @MPOrthoptics (Twitter)

    RT @ChrisK_UofM: Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highli…
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    5

  • Dr Clarissa Giebel
    @ClarissaGiebel (Twitter)

    RT @ChrisK_UofM: Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highli…
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    5

  • JSwaine
    @jillian_swaine (Twitter)

    RT @ChrisK_UofM: Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highli…
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    5

  • Ryc Aquino
    @rycaquino (Twitter)

    RT @ChrisK_UofM: Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highli…
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    5

  • Jeremy Grimshaw
    @GrimshawJeremy (Twitter)

    RT @ChrisK_UofM: Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highli…
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    5

  • Chris Keyworth
    @DrChrisKeyworth (Twitter)

    Great to hear from @AnneSales4 at #impscimcr currently outlining the challenges of implementation science research. Highlighting important overview paper of theoretical approaches to imp sci https://t.co/RkLj7TOlZp #impsci
    view full post

    January 24, 2019

    3

    5

  • Luxy Neuropsychologist
    @k_luxy (Twitter)

    Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks https://t.co/gvRMQYjtjQ #EuropePMC
    view full post

    January 19, 2019

  • Danielle Hitch
    @DanielleHitch (Twitter)

    RT @PISCE_LDI: FYI Friday from @PISCE_LDI. Oldie but goodie from @ImplementSci. Ever feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of frameworks in…
    view full post

    January 19, 2019

    4

  • Sarah Birken
    @birkensarah (Twitter)

    RT @PISCE_LDI: FYI Friday from @PISCE_LDI. Oldie but goodie from @ImplementSci. Ever feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of frameworks in…
    view full post

    January 18, 2019

    4

  • Kieran Walsh
    @KieranWalshMPSI (Twitter)

    RT @PISCE_LDI: FYI Friday from @PISCE_LDI. Oldie but goodie from @ImplementSci. Ever feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of frameworks in…
    view full post

    January 18, 2019

    4

  • Penn Imp Sci Center @ LDI
    @PISCE_LDI (Twitter)

    FYI Friday from @PISCE_LDI. Oldie but goodie from @ImplementSci. Ever feel overwhelmed by the sheer volume of frameworks in #impsci? This article breaks them down into three categories (process, explanatory, evaluative) which feels more manageable! https://t.co/OVQPos5rLZ
    view full post

    January 18, 2019

    9

    4

Abstract Synopsis

  • Implementation science has evolved to increasingly use theories, models, and frameworks to better understand why implementation succeeds or fails.
  • The article proposes a taxonomy with five categories of approaches, aimed at describing, guiding, understanding, and evaluating implementation processes, and emphasizes their importance for research and practice.
  • While these approaches often overlap, understanding their differences is key for selecting appropriate tools; many frameworks provide limited practical guidance and lack a clear process perspective to address barriers and enablers over time.