The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review.

Abstract in brief

• The article reviews how reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause damage to cell components like lipids, proteins, and DNA, leading to various diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular issues, and discusses how antioxidants can counteract this oxidative stress.
• Oxidative stress occurs when reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are overproduced and overwhelm the body's antioxidant defenses, resulting in damage such as lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and DNA mutations.
• Antioxidants are classified into enzymatic and non-enzymatic types, both natural and synthetic, and include primary chain-breaking antioxidants that help prevent or repair oxidative damage in cells.]