N Engl J Med January 2016 PMID 26816013

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction.

Nora D Volkow, George F Koob, A Thomas McLellan

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Mentions

255

Peak: 13 in Jul 2019

across 7 sources since Apr 2018

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

Overall, the discussions reflect widespread agreement on the validity of the brain disease model, supported by references to authoritative articles and scientific evidence, with tone emphasizing the importance of neurobiological understanding for treatment and stigma reduction. Examples include mentions of dopamine receptor changes, stages of addiction, and the neurobiological basis supporting effective treatments, showing both enthusiasm and depth in engagement.

AgreementStrong agreement

Many posts strongly endorse the neurobiological perspective, citing the science and emphasizing its effectiveness in treatment and reducing stigma.

InterestHigh interest

The discussions are highly engaged, with references to specific research, models, and the implications for understanding addiction.

EngagementHigh engagement

Posts show deep engagement, including detailed explanations of brain mechanisms, stages of addiction, and debates on clinical utility.

ImpactHigh impact

The discourse indicates these discussions have high impact, influencing perceptions of addiction, informing policy, and guiding treatment approaches.

Abstract in brief

The article discusses how recent neurobiological research supports viewing addiction as a brain disease, focusing on changes in brain structure and function that influence behavior.
It explains that understanding addiction at a brain level helps reduce stigma and improves approaches to treatment and recovery.
The text highlights key brain regions involved in addiction, such as the reward system, and emphasizes the importance of integrating this knowledge into healthcare practices.]

Read the full abstract

All mentions

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しのＰ⋈☀️9/7 コミトレ一般

@sino_p928 · X

RT @mtldasan: NEJM掲載のレビュー論文も添えておきますね。 https://t.co/TjTJHLPQVw

Aug 16, 2025 · 1 share · 2,157 followers View post →

マチルダ・サン

@mtldasan · X

NEJM掲載のレビュー論文も添えておきますね。 https://t.co/TjTJHLPQVw

Aug 15, 2025 · 12 likes · 1 share · 142 followers View post →

Abdul M. Ssekandi, MBChB, MSc., M.A.P.S

@JC_by_AMS · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction https://t.co/COnigfOv7N https://t.co/KPVw0kJGRX

Aug 11, 2025 · 2 likes · 1,101 followers View post →

Chaos Rizz Tron3000

@ChaosTron3000 · X

The article by Volkow et al. (2016) in the New England Journal of Medicine “Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction” details how drugs alter dopamine receptors (D1, D2) and cause dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, which is responsible for self-control

Apr 19, 2025 View post →

Herr Leutz

@bryynjar237 · X

https://t.co/N78aYpx2rA

Mar 28, 2025 · 182 followers View post →

Apapachopenico

@Empanadopenico · X

@RebolledaGil @gataja7 Volkow 2016 Doi: 10.1056/NEJMra1511480

Feb 15, 2025 · 5 likes · 230 followers View post →

Jim Bloom

@jimmyroybloom · X

RT @NEJM: Review Article: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. https://t.co/5sbSiyrQyk https://t.co/UhKPHZ6akJ

Oct 30, 2024 · 97 shares · 2,401 followers View post →

Άντζελα

@SouthernGemGal · X

RT @NEJM: Review article looks at addiction as a brain disease. https://t.co/5sbSiyrQyk https://t.co/npTUblub0D

Jul 10, 2024 · 99 shares · 3,164 followers View post →

D. Black #нетвойне

@mr_s_black · X

Изменения мозга (цитирую): 1) Сенсибилизация 2) Десенсибилизация 3) Дисфункциональная префронтальная система 4) Неисправная система стресса 183 doi:10.1056/NEJMra1511480 https://t.co/5OGXMrWNHz

Jun 7, 2024 · 4 likes · 678 followers View post →

Crepitus

@TossChirno · X

@ProfSpencerSly @takkt_kl @Lean1367539 https://t.co/ZgbQhfhEhf This talks about the brain chemistry alterations associated with chemical dependency as well. This will go over dopamine production and alteration as well.

Feb 9, 2024 · 12 followers View post →

CoolGhoul

@Ghoul_Pilled · X

@codeveronica_x @IncelsCo https://t.co/1B1QF5iueI https://t.co/11GikalSHx https://t.co/bW7qlh5vEw https://t.co/dYGeGClsKc A lot of it is neurological but it also effects your endocrine system as well.

Dec 10, 2023 · 30 followers View post →

a humble plant

@14rogersalex · X

@AnAddictAtheist Semantic opinion aside, all that matters is which model has been more effective in treatment. Its the disease model. "Research guided by the brain disease model of addiction has led to the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment" https://t.co/1woefS8pmY

Nov 3, 2023 · 54 followers View post →

Gaetano Lardieri

@EntheoG108 · X

https://t.co/FxK0V5Rw91

Oct 29, 2023 · 166 followers View post →

Alëna A. Balasanova, MD, FAPA

@DrPsychMD · X

@shvogt @wdpsychiatry Opioid use disorder is a disease that causes brain changes. This isn’t made up by pharma but proven by decades of impartial research (see: https://t.co/FIQzFkfpya) - partial or full agonism of opioid receptors allows for restoration of natural neuronal pathways over time.

Sep 18, 2023 · 2,801 followers View post →

Understanding Addiction

@und_addiction · X

To learn more about the effects of addiction, read “Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction.” by Volkow, et. al and “Drug-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity in Addiction: From Molecular Changes to Circuit Remodeling.” by Luscher and Malenka.

Jul 30, 2023 · 1 followers View post →

Dr R S Lamba MD Psychiatry

@rajendr15119669 · X

RT @JhunuDr: Neurobiological basis of Addiction #WorldDrugDay https://t.co/eji8dAaDOz. https://t.co/bDMNjT68tn

Jun 25, 2023 · 3 shares · 1,123 followers View post →

Pat

@Hlth_News · X

RT @JhunuDr: Neurobiological basis of Addiction #WorldDrugDay https://t.co/eji8dAaDOz. https://t.co/bDMNjT68tn

Jun 25, 2023 · 3 shares · 708 followers View post →

Pranjal Vyaas

@vyaspranjal33 · X

RT @JhunuDr: Neurobiological basis of Addiction #WorldDrugDay https://t.co/eji8dAaDOz. https://t.co/bDMNjT68tn

Jun 25, 2023 · 3 shares · 371 followers View post →

Dr Jhunu Mukherjee, MD( Psy)

@JhunuDr · X

Neurobiological basis of Addiction #WorldDrugDay https://t.co/eji8dAaDOz. https://t.co/bDMNjT68tn

Jun 24, 2023 · 12 likes · 3 shares · 2,333 followers View post →

Lawrence Nick

@kkonenpurd43937 · X

RT @pivoteducatnl: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction — NEJM https://t.co/SdhjGwVp6T

Jun 17, 2023 · 1 share View post →

FernandoNGutierrezC

@FNGutierrezC · X

RT @EddieRDMD: NEJM: Stages of Addiction, "we have divided addiction into three recurring stages: binge and intoxication, withdrawal and ne…

May 22, 2023 · 2 shares · 59 followers View post →

Rodolfo E Ramírez

@rodolfotografo · X

RT @EddieRDMD: NEJM: Stages of Addiction, "we have divided addiction into three recurring stages: binge and intoxication, withdrawal and ne…

May 22, 2023 · 2 shares · 234 followers View post →

Dr. Eddie Ramirez

@EddieRDMD · X

NEJM: Stages of Addiction, "we have divided addiction into three recurring stages: binge and intoxication, withdrawal and negative affect, and preoccupation and anticipation (or craving)." https://t.co/rcD4BwF2uR @fedeadd https://t.co/JRjAzuShHE

May 22, 2023 · 4 likes · 2 shares · 4,726 followers View post →

CRPSisaRealPain

@CRPSisaRealPain · X

@melbee4444 https://t.co/pgLyeXhQma

Apr 22, 2023 · 1,143 followers View post →

JustPillowMan

@apillowcraft · X

RT @Drmolinav: @chrost_hugo @NEJM I found the source: Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT. Neurobiologic advances from the brain disease model…

Mar 21, 2023 · 1 share · 22 followers View post →

Drmolinav

@Drmolinav · X

Mar 20, 2023 · 13 likes · 1 share · 416 followers View post →

Doménica Cevallos R.

@Domecevallos92 · X

RT @Neurons2Nirvana: @chrost_hugo @NEJM HD version from https://t.co/72G7Fnk4hj https://t.co/3iHSSzHp2T

Feb 15, 2023 · 3 shares · 2,248 followers View post →

Casus Belli

@Emilianohj · X

RT @Neurons2Nirvana: @chrost_hugo @NEJM HD version from https://t.co/72G7Fnk4hj https://t.co/3iHSSzHp2T

Feb 15, 2023 · 3 shares · 172 followers View post →

Awaken The “I AM” | r/microdosing | Mush Love

@LiveInMushLove · X

I just posted "Figure 1: Stages of the #Addiction Cycle | Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction | The New England Journal of Medicine (@NEJM) [Jan 2016]" on Reddit https://t.co/vbgZ0frShz

Feb 15, 2023 · 724 followers View post →

Awaken The “I AM” | r/microdosing | Mush Love

@LiveInMushLove · X

RT @Neurons2Nirvana: @chrost_hugo @NEJM HD version from https://t.co/72G7Fnk4hj https://t.co/3iHSSzHp2T

Feb 15, 2023 · 3 shares · 724 followers View post →

Awaken The “I AM” | r/microdosing | Mush Love

@LiveInMushLove · X

@chrost_hugo @NEJM HD version from https://t.co/72G7Fnk4hj https://t.co/3iHSSzHp2T

Feb 15, 2023 · 13 likes · 3 shares · 724 followers View post →

☮️

@OofOsaurusMex · X

@LordDavislive @GarethPetterwo1 @iUsedToBeADuck @JohnsHopkins @hazldnbettyford https://t.co/wOJvoYi5nZ

Feb 7, 2023 · 2 likes · 854 followers View post →

octavio

@dontavo66 · X

@OACerebro https://t.co/uG8pPLorbu

Nov 8, 2022 · 325 followers View post →

mocy

@mdcbsb · X

RT @YourBrainOnPorn: Prominent addiction experts acknowledge sexual addiction: “Neuroscience research in this area not only offers new opp…

Apr 6, 2022 · 2 shares · 306 followers View post →

Malachi

@1nefurqan · X

RT @YourBrainOnPorn: Prominent addiction experts acknowledge sexual addiction: “Neuroscience research in this area not only offers new opp…

Apr 6, 2022 · 2 shares · 7 followers View post →

Your Brain on Porn

@YourBrainOnPorn · X

Apr 5, 2022 · 6 likes · 2 shares · 13,395 followers View post →

Markus Jokela

@mmjokela · X

https://t.co/qnVnqv4uNR

Feb 15, 2022 · 1 like · 1,023 followers View post →

Center on Parenting and Opioids

@CenterParenting · X

#CPO journal club this term discusses different theories of #addiction. This week we explore the #medical and #policy advancements resulting from the Brain Disease Model of #addiction in the article by @noradvolkow with @NIDAnews https://t.co/QhoeCcc8VV

Jan 26, 2022 · 2 likes · 236 followers View post →

George Dawson

@dawso007 · X

@KemtrupTweets That is certainly part of it. Volkow, Koob, and McLellan write about addiction as DSM severe substances use disorder: Volkow ND, Koob GF, McLellan AT. Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 28;374(4):363-71.

Dec 8, 2021 · 7,818 followers View post →

john morley

@drjohnmorley · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction | NEJM https://t.co/019pO3xWv4

Sep 2, 2021 · 8,328 followers View post →

Nat de Provence

@NatProvence · X

@MatthieuPiccoli @Olvmt pour ceux qui aime la neuro et les addictions , interessant aussi en gériatrie pour nos patients benzo dépendant https://t.co/Cguti2s5YJ

Sep 2, 2021 · 3 likes · 305 followers View post →

@kalos_kagatos · X

Neurología1: Declaración de conflicto de interés El Dr. McLellan informa que recibe honorarios por servir en la junta directiva de Indivior Pharmaceuticals. https://t.co/tSooLGmhrd ¿es necesario explicar? Neurología2: "Los resultados sugieren que la vergüenza y la culpa tienen+

Aug 31, 2021 · 181 followers View post →

LadyPermanent

@LadyP3rmanent · X

@Lucas21331772 @kalos_kagatos @THiddenBattle Neurología: https://t.co/TyKDUsFM9g https://t.co/mPaN5F6FYD Adicción: https://t.co/RmYpbBgioU Soledad: https://t.co/tJcB5K5pOJ Síndromes: https://t.co/wt6bXSDr3b Abuso en sustancias: https://t.co/zDr4xm0tl2 Estudiantes consumidores: https://t.co/fNjd4xPJfe

Aug 29, 2021 · 2,428 followers View post →

@DrPauloAntônioAlmeida

@drpaulo_almeida · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction | NEJM https://t.co/oUvf2mTFoN

Aug 24, 2021 · 626 followers View post →

Take Flight Health Coaching

@TakeFlightCTNC · X

RT @TheFAIOfficial: If you’re up for taking a deep dive into the science of addiction, this is an excellent article by The New England Jour…

Jul 27, 2021 · 1 share · 125 followers View post →

The Food Addiction Institute

@TheFAIOfficial · X

If you’re up for taking a deep dive into the science of addiction, this is an excellent article by The New England Journal of Medicine. https://t.co/o9cMCYil8S https://t.co/bxuqNHFR1E

Jul 21, 2021 · 1 like · 1 share · 1,858 followers View post →

William

@Wills2254 · X

@lucyandwayne1 @SerenaShimAward @Jo_IsABitch https://t.co/3Is0xCCqjP

Jun 26, 2021 · 1,457 followers View post →

Stefan Kertesz, MD, MSc

@StefanKertesz · X

2/Stronger defense of brain disease model. From Dr. Volkow. But it would not be Dr. Volkow's approach to posit addiction as resulting "from" the drug, given the other factors https://t.co/ZZZdb6PRqB

Mar 16, 2021 · 1 like · 16,105 followers View post →

Gabe Deem

@gabedeem · X

For a great read describing the latest science and understanding on the Brain Disease Model of Addiction I highly recommend this review: https://t.co/PfQ5bsa9VA

Nov 18, 2020 · 4 likes · 6,397 followers View post →

Your Brain on Porn

@YourBrainOnPorn · X

@DrGonzaloQZ RE: Your comment. By your logic PTSD, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's are no big deal cause all are just a "brain change". Addiction-induced brain changes have been studied for decades in both human & animal models. See this review by heads of NIAAA and NIDA: https://t.co/Dza8YBoJip

Sep 23, 2020 · 1 like · 13,395 followers View post →

The Skincare Provider

@med_conscience · X

@bossyourday I just mean it’s not that simple to decide or understand the neurobiology behind this. These articles are interesting though. https://t.co/d7lqUg58ml https://t.co/g6f06sB10q

Sep 12, 2020 · 1 like · 2,159 followers View post →

Nicole Struthers

@strunico · X

@K_Riese459 @FroGiPiler @Anthony__xox @nimbimm Hi kraig! People don’t choose to have chronic diseases such as chronic pain, lung cancer or addiction! Since you clearly know very little about addiction as a disease, here is a fun and informative article! No need to thank me❤️ https://t.co/gm8iZOPrK2

Jul 18, 2020 · 3 likes · 188 followers View post →

Ayaka Kato

@kayautoka · X

私は紺野さんの後に依存症の神経基盤ということで、https://t.co/5BH3fWzB7hを引用しながら、報酬系が刺激された後にその他の脳部位で起こる変化（快楽の副作用的な話）を話す予定でしたが時間切れで次回持ち越しになりました笑良い資料を作ってくれて、盛り上がってよかったです！

Jun 20, 2020 · 5 likes · 1 share · 5,871 followers View post →

Your Brain on Porn

@YourBrainOnPorn · X

The review outlining the four major brain changes induced by addiction are described by George F. Koob and Nora D. Volkow: https://t.co/Dza8YB77TP In the opening paragraph, the heads of NIDA & NIAAA say that sex addiction exists: https://t.co/KlU3p1Ne53

May 8, 2020 · 2 likes · 13,395 followers View post →

Reboot Nation

@Reboot_Nation · X

RT @gabedeem: McCauley mentions the amazing work of Nora Volkow. Here is a review of the literature on addiction neuroscience she co-auth…

Apr 27, 2020 · 2 shares · 3,128 followers View post →

Your Brain on Porn

@YourBrainOnPorn · X

RT @gabedeem: McCauley mentions the amazing work of Nora Volkow. Here is a review of the literature on addiction neuroscience she co-auth…

Apr 27, 2020 · 2 shares · 13,395 followers View post →

Gabe Deem

@gabedeem · X

McCauley mentions the amazing work of Nora Volkow. Here is a review of the literature on addiction neuroscience she co-authored with George Koob I highly recommend reading: https://t.co/PfQ5bsa9VA

Apr 26, 2020 · 3 likes · 2 shares · 6,397 followers View post →

Reboot Nation

@Reboot_Nation · X

RT @gabedeem: If you want to dabble in a lil scientific literature on the topic, here is a paper by world leading experts in the field of a…

Mar 30, 2020 · 2 shares · 3,128 followers View post →

Your Brain on Porn

@YourBrainOnPorn · X

RT @gabedeem: If you want to dabble in a lil scientific literature on the topic, here is a paper by world leading experts in the field of a…

Mar 30, 2020 · 2 shares · 13,395 followers View post →

Gabe Deem

@gabedeem · X

Mar 30, 2020 · 8 likes · 2 shares · 6,397 followers View post →

Vera Patras

@vera_patras · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction | NEJM https://t.co/uM02IzexRl

Mar 6, 2020 View post →

Dana Mickler Persons

@chelemp · X

RT @JillPiggott: @chelemp Here's an interesting article. I think #cpps need to lobby on grounds that current policy is failing ALL patients…

Feb 3, 2020 · 1 share · 1,269 followers View post →

Jill Piggott

@JillPiggott · X

@chelemp Here's an interesting article. I think #cpps need to lobby on grounds that current policy is failing ALL patients: people w/ addiction as well as people w/ pain. We need patient solidarity against PROP jackasses! https://t.co/cNq9FYHLzX

Feb 3, 2020 · 3 likes · 1 share · 1,441 followers View post →

Patrick Lockwood

@AlobhaPatrick · X

@mikedennymike @JDHaltigan @hollymathnerd Best case for the brain disease model: https://t.co/3bmUxYXmro Volkow also published a neat paper on food addiction.

Dec 25, 2019 · 5,087 followers View post →

Patrick Lockwood

@DoctorLockwood · X

@mikedennymike @JDHaltigan @hollymathnerd Best case for the brain disease model: https://t.co/3bmUxYXmro Volkow also published a neat paper on food addiction.

Dec 25, 2019 · 4,888 followers View post →

Linda van Beek

@Linda_van_Beek · X

@DeJdeneef @Wdekanter Verslaving is niet onbegrijpelijk als je je er in verdiept. Misschien dat dit je helpt om het iets beter te begrijpen. https://t.co/fAbTXZWWpl

Nov 4, 2019 · 2 likes · 98 followers View post →

Dr. Jonathan N. Stea

@jonathanstea · X

@JessLynnMoreno 1/x Thanks for the thoughtful dialogue :) 1. Academically, the term is a proxy for some of the symptoms that arise from impaired frontal lobe activity in context of a neurobio addiction model. The Preoccupation-Anticipation stage: https://t.co/Og5VPiXpYz

Oct 18, 2019 · 1 like · 48,004 followers View post →

Dr. Jonathan N. Stea

@jonathanstea · X

@JessLynnMoreno 2/2 (e.g., Koob & Volkow's neurobiological model of addiction--third stage: https://t.co/Og5VPiXpYz). I do agree that there's little use for the term clinically, unless it occurs in the context of collaborative/non-judgmental psychoeducation.

Oct 18, 2019 · 3 likes · 48,004 followers View post →

zac (at least I think) @pr0zac@infosec.exchange

@pr0zac · X

@HornbakerJules @onekade @SIFMA_NOW @WBUR This article by three doctors in the New England Journal of Medicine explains it pretty completely if you’re honestly looking for evidence. https://t.co/aZhIcPlhKO

Aug 15, 2019 · 662 followers View post →

Billy Buffington, MD⚕️

@BillyBuffington · X

@india_pu I found these two contrasting articles helpful: both excellent, rigorous work with top notch neurobiology, yet totally different conclusions: https://t.co/GFyW25FM8v https://t.co/9oVAkeLYKX

Jul 9, 2019 · 1 like · 780 followers View post →

Billy Buffington, MD⚕️

@BillyBuffington · X

@india_pu I found these two contrasting articles helpful –— both excellent, rigorous work with top notch neurobiology... and yet totally different conclusions: https://t.co/GFyW25FM8v https://t.co/9oVAkeLYKX

Jul 9, 2019 · 780 followers View post →

Richard McFerran

@mcfunk78 · X

RT @tinysmallpaul: @ClarkeMicah @mcfunk78 Simply stating there is no consistent definition of addiction does not make it so, Mr Hitchens. T…

Jul 9, 2019 · 1 share · 253 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah @mcfunk78 Simply stating there is no consistent definition of addiction does not make it so, Mr Hitchens. This review explains what it is, and the evidence for its biochemical basis - the changes in the body and brain that lead to changes in thought and behaviour: https://t.co/HucPdel9Xv

Jul 9, 2019 · 1 like · 1 share · 45 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah @mcfunk78 Peter Hitchens knows little of what medical professionals say about addiction: https://t.co/aOV7r4n7Dq https://t.co/HucPdeCKP3

Jul 9, 2019 · 1 like · 45 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah Have a look at the objective scientific evidence for yourself: https://t.co/HucPdel9Xv

Jul 9, 2019 · 45 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah @mcfunk78 This scientific review answers your comments and criticisms of addiction: https://t.co/HucPdel9Xv

Jul 9, 2019 · 2 likes · 45 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah @mcfunk78 This scientific review answers your comments and criticisms of addiction: https://t.co/HucPdel9Xv

Jul 9, 2019 · 45 followers View post →

Paul Small

@tinysmallpaul · X

@ClarkeMicah This scientific review answers your comments and criticisms of addiction: https://t.co/HucPdel9Xv

Jul 9, 2019 · 45 followers View post →

علياء⭐️alya

@alyaastars · X

RT @kyutibu: We need to do a better job at educating the masses and especially the younger generation. This ongoing stigma and shaming stop…

Jul 8, 2019 · 2 shares · 238 followers View post →

Asma A.J

@Asma_AJ_ · X

RT @kyutibu: We need to do a better job at educating the masses and especially the younger generation. This ongoing stigma and shaming stop…

Jul 8, 2019 · 2 shares · 1,046 followers View post →

Budoor AlBudoor

@kyutibu · X

We need to do a better job at educating the masses and especially the younger generation. This ongoing stigma and shaming stops people from seeking the help and therapy they desperately need. https://t.co/llkWvyWIMb

Jul 8, 2019 · 3 likes · 2 shares · 1,020 followers View post →

Mara van het Groenewoud

@Hazelares · X

@Marcelhulspas @Gert_van_Dijk “Verleidelijk” is een erg misleidende term bij deze aandoening. Verslaving gaat over het verliezen van de keuze om niet te gebruiken. Misschien vind je het volgende artikel wel interessant om meer te weten te komen over wat verslaving nu eigenlijk is. https://t.co/2tWrReocxb

Jul 2, 2019 · 2 likes · 268 followers View post →

Richard S Wooden

@RichardSWooden2 · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction Nora D. Volkow, M.D., George F. Koob, Ph.D., and A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. January 28, 2016 N Engl J Med 2016; 374:363-371 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1511480 Editors Dan L. Longo, M.D., Editor

Jun 29, 2019 · 167 followers View post →

GARRY CARROLL

@CSKINTHEGOAT · X

Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction | NEJM https://t.co/UDbxU28n0m

Apr 16, 2019 · 246 followers View post →

Gladis

@GladisFMaravill · X

RT @NEJM: Review Article: Neurobiologic Advances from the Brain Disease Model of Addiction. https://t.co/5sbSiyrQyk https://t.co/pCPNeeqxO2

Mar 21, 2019 · 122 shares · 100 followers View post →

Dr Leah Callender-Crowe

@LCallenderCrowe · X

@LannyWindsor @DeanieBeanielol @ClarkeMicah Lanny, there is some scientific literature on this, yes. Could start here for e.g. https://t.co/6fAlf7ieSs

Feb 19, 2019 · 305 followers View post →