BMC Med Ethics March 2017 PMID 28249596

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review.

Chloë FitzGerald, Samia Hurst

Mentions

137
Peak: 8 in May 2019
across 6 sources since Jan 2018

Extended reach

301,453
potential audience

Total likes

113

Video views

42

Mentions per month

Jan 2018 – Aug 2025

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter71 posts
  • News59 articles
  • YouTube4 videos
  • Bluesky1 posts
  • Reddit1 posts
  • Blogs1 articles

AI synopsis

What people are saying

Across the discussions, participants reference multiple systematic reviews and studies, such as FitzGerald & Hurst (2017), to underscore the widespread presence of implicit bias among healthcare professionals. The tone is predominantly serious and analytical, incorporating phrases like 'ethical imperative' and 'addressing disparities,' which reflect a strong consensus on the importance of tackling implicit bias to improve healthcare equity.

AgreementStrong agreement

Most posts affirm the importance of the systematic review, emphasizing that implicit bias is a real and measurable problem in healthcare, with many citing strong evidence and widespread acknowledgment.

InterestHigh interest

Posts demonstrate high curiosity and concern, discussing various aspects of implicit bias, from its origins to potential solutions like simulation training.

EngagementHigh engagement

There is deep engagement through references to specific studies, data, and calls for awareness and action, indicating active involvement with the subject matter.

ImpactHigh impact

The discussions highlight that understanding and addressing implicit bias can significantly impact healthcare disparities and patient outcomes, showing the topic’s high relevance and potential for meaningful change.

Abstract in brief

  • This review analyzed 42 peer-reviewed studies from 2003 to 2013, finding that healthcare professionals often exhibit implicit biases based on race, gender, age, or weight, which are outside their conscious awareness.
  • Many of these studies used specific measures like the Implicit Association Test and vignettes to demonstrate that healthcare professionals' implicit biases are linked to lower quality of care for certain patient groups.
  • The evidence suggests that healthcare providers display similar levels of implicit bias as the general population, and these biases can influence clinical decisions, highlighting the need to address them to improve patient outcomes.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Bridget Nolan, SPT
@BridgetNolanPT · X

In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and these biases are likely to impact patient diagnosis, treatment decisions, and even level of care. (FitzGerald, 2017) https://t.co/tP85GsTAFP https://t.co/TBfD2kehCg

Mar 4, 2021 · 32 likes · 6 shares · 569 followers View post →
MDJ | Danielle Jones, MD, FACOG
@MamaDoctorJones · X

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: “Our findings highlight the need for the healthcare profession to address the role of implicit biases in disparities in healthcare.” https://t.co/XkINMNX9xO

Feb 7, 2020 · 11 likes · 1 share · 71,179 followers View post →
Kara Ayers
@DrKaraAyers · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/o2QkXLmMku

Oct 5, 2021 · 9 likes · 2 shares · 4,506 followers View post →
✨️neuron divergent EKG slayer✨️
@fuqekgs · X

A few articles on implicit bias in healthcare: -https://t.co/yG3WKyWpfd -https://t.co/Ag2OEYurml -https://t.co/aBC1uplyh7

Sep 9, 2024 · 6 likes · 4,089 followers View post →
Komal Bajaj MD, MS-HPEd
@KomalBajajMD · X

@NYCHealthSystem Simulation Journal Club - exploring the use of simulation to address #implicitbias in healthcare. It’s crucial to increase awareness - you have to name it to tame it. https://t.co/vaIIuKidQ4 #SafeMomsNYC #HealthSimNYC https://t.co/Fb49Uusyrn

May 17, 2019 · 6 likes · 2 shares · 3,025 followers View post →
Marko Kovic
@marko_kovic · X

5/ Besonders folgenreich ist die Stigmatisierung von Übergewicht im Gesundheitssystem. Stereotype und Vorurteile können dazu führen, dass Übergewichtige diagnostisch und therapeutisch schlechter betreut werden. https://t.co/xKhReZnPsn

Dec 4, 2022 · 5 likes · 1 share · 18,379 followers View post →

All mentions

Danielle, Petty Hate Machine
@dimsie.bsky.social · Bluesky

There's a fair amount, but start here: pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28249596/

May 28, 2025 · 3 likes · 2 shares View post →
✨️neuron divergent EKG slayer✨️
@fuqekgs · X

A few articles on implicit bias in healthcare: -https://t.co/yG3WKyWpfd -https://t.co/Ag2OEYurml -https://t.co/aBC1uplyh7

Sep 9, 2024 · 6 likes · 4,089 followers View post →
MISAwMISA
@MISAwMISA · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/fJa4P6etkr 「潜在的バイアス(Implicit

Jul 23, 2024 · 1,622 followers View post →
Yags
@yaghsizian · X

@DougB682001 @aaronsibarium @wajacobson Just because progressive zealots hijack ideas for their own ends doesn’t mean those ideas are entirely without merit. Think critically. Have you actually looked at the research or do you just scoff because you already know everything there is to know? https://t.co/L9WlSAofqf

Apr 3, 2024 · 289 followers View post →
Mariola Rivera Reyes
@MariolaPR · X

@internetarchive

Mar 23, 2024 · 1 like · 12,143 followers View post →
Mariola Rivera Reyes
@MariolaPR · X

@ARBird1972 Bastante … esto es solo una muestra de la cantidad de estudios al respecto.

Mar 23, 2024 · 12,143 followers View post →
Sally Cusworth
@SallyCusworth · X

https://t.co/Q6goI2tWMk

Dec 22, 2023 · 158 followers View post →
Montse Esquerda
@montse_esquerda · X

@vbaosv @mariolamarrero https://t.co/F5NQ6PDj86

Oct 1, 2023 · 1 like · 5,272 followers View post →
Abe
@Fold_Art · X

RT @kagato: @wesyang @lwoodhouse Here’s a systematic review of 42 of those papers that apparently don’t exist. Most of them find that imp…

May 19, 2023 · 1 share · 243 followers View post →
Jayson Vantuyl
@kagato · X

@wesyang @lwoodhouse Here’s a systematic review of 42 of those papers that apparently don’t exist. Most of them find that implicit bias exists and has a measurable effect on behavior. Where can I find more information on this obvious woke conspiracy? https://t.co/fUJxzyKd7U

May 19, 2023 · 2 likes · 1 share · 407 followers View post →
UMN Center for Women In Medicine and Science
@UMN_CWIMS · X

Multiple studies show that implicit bias impacts the care that underrepresented groups receive in the healthcare setting. https://t.co/z2JJ4GIo0d

May 16, 2023 · 1 like · 169 followers View post →
Anonynurse
@Schnattna · X

@symptomodyssee Ist eigentlich unumstritten…vgl zB https://t.co/pwwHKcZ2Vt https://t.co/YzVfJeG5oo Oder meint ihr quantitativ? Nicht dass ich jemals gegen Studien wäre

May 4, 2023 · 2 likes · 182 followers View post →
Rita Swartz
@buckleyswartz · X

RT @DrJGiddensRN: Abstract Background #implicitbias involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation o…

Apr 13, 2023 · 1 share · 4,651 followers View post →
Dr. Jessica Giddens DNP (nurse)
@DrJGiddensRN · X

Abstract Background #implicitbias involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as #race or #gender. This review examines the evid…https://t.co/JAUNZfG6lp https://t.co/vxQ58v5fWI

Apr 13, 2023 · 1 like · 1 share · 2,757 followers View post →
Dr. Jessica Giddens DNP (nurse)
@DrJGiddensRN · X

https://t.co/AgvV28gxne https://t.co/vxQ58v5fWI

Mar 22, 2023 · 2,757 followers View post →
Dr. Jessica Giddens DNP (nurse)
@DrJGiddensRN · X

#scienceandenvironment #health #implicitbias https://t.co/vxQ58v5fWI

Mar 17, 2023 · 2,757 followers View post →
Willis
@willis_1988 · X

@BuggerKnuckles @Telegraph https://t.co/pT12lEYklV

Jan 10, 2023 · 114 followers View post →
Cardinal of the Sun
@SunCardinal · X

Something to keep in mind when psychologists are stating X group is "biased" btw - they don't actually use the term the way most people use it - note the lack of any observation of if it is unjustified or wrong (it could be but not necessarily): https://t.co/Ag0jmd9Ql3 https://t.co/KgnuJYyLhq

Dec 25, 2022 · 54 followers View post →
Marko Kovic
@marko_kovic · X

5/ Besonders folgenreich ist die Stigmatisierung von Übergewicht im Gesundheitssystem. Stereotype und Vorurteile können dazu führen, dass Übergewichtige diagnostisch und therapeutisch schlechter betreut werden. https://t.co/xKhReZnPsn

Dec 4, 2022 · 5 likes · 1 share · 18,379 followers View post →
Mean Maria
@mitchellscomet · X

https://t.co/Hym4SUeZO8

Sep 12, 2022 · 1 like · 7,817 followers View post →
Dr. Paco Hinton Jr Podcaster
@DrPacoHinton · X

@heathertalkz @Shango5T @ImNikkiLuv @VoleWade https://t.co/TqInQES2yS

Aug 21, 2022 · 1 like · 1,079 followers View post →
yuso08
@yusostar · X

@KlinikumNbg Next please address why people with different skin colours get treated like lower classed humans in your hospital. https://t.co/WSE2Evc7YM

May 14, 2022 · 65 followers View post →
Lee Stevenson
@bashuser · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review .Gees they are just figuring this out. https://t.co/YaRg5JfnnO

Mar 30, 2022 · 1,656 followers View post →
Institute for Population Health
@IPHQatar · X

Implicit bias is one of the main contributors to healthcare disparities. Research shows that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicitbias as the wider population. https://t.co/kAo3jvzlWa @BioMedCentral Learn about your #implicitbias: https://t.co/LYSdUz1Pao https://t.co/wjnOzX2nyL

Jan 18, 2022 · 294 followers View post →
CAAPS
@psysciCAAPS · X

There may also be biases in diagnostic processes or referrals for services that impact access to or uptake of mental health services 10/x https://t.co/TeEfIdKpTh

Dec 25, 2021 · 1 like · 1 share · 848 followers View post →
Brooke Gambino
@BrookeGambino · X

@doodlefarbe @KatyGarcia91 https://t.co/EzpEdFYmt7

Nov 25, 2021 · 8 followers View post →
Jane Hash
@JaneHashCNHP · X

RT @DrKaraAyers: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/o2QkXLmMku

Oct 5, 2021 · 2 shares · 962 followers View post →
Kara Ayers
@DrKaraAyers · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/o2QkXLmMku

Oct 5, 2021 · 9 likes · 2 shares · 4,506 followers View post →
SystematicReviewBot
@EvidenceRobot · X

RT @theflowernurse: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/g6q8zEC7Wy

Oct 2, 2021 · 1 share · 6,693 followers View post →
Theflowernurse
@theflowernurse · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/g6q8zEC7Wy

Oct 2, 2021 · 1 share · 8,296 followers View post →
Medical Cover Up
@medicalcoverup · X

@HSJEditor Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/JmO8yk0ZqR

Jul 12, 2021 · 1,299 followers View post →
Sarah Brennan
@stabrennan · X

@DrZeshanQureshi https://t.co/7KMNiNoh2A

Jul 10, 2021 · 1 like · 1,415 followers View post →
Chirurgien Jeune
@cliffmwita · X

RT @SueTape: "The evidence indicates that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicit bias as the wider population." FitzG…

May 17, 2021 · 2 shares · 370 followers View post →
SystematicReviewBot
@EvidenceRobot · X

RT @SueTape: "The evidence indicates that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicit bias as the wider population." FitzG…

May 17, 2021 · 2 shares · 6,693 followers View post →
Sue Tape
@SueTape · X

"The evidence indicates that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicit bias as the wider population." FitzGerald, C., Hurst, S. Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. BMC Med Ethics 18, 19 (2017). https://t.co/v3Xne8jvJt #NDISJSC

May 17, 2021 · 2 shares · 813 followers View post →
Genetics and Genomics at CU Anschutz
@CUHMGGP · X

A thorough and enlightening review on implicit bias in healthcare and how it manifests. Worth considering in medical research as well. Especially patient/community facing clinical and population genetics. https://t.co/1RdGITu32i

Apr 2, 2021 · 2 likes · 201 followers View post →
Steven Kinney
@Steven_KinneyPT · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 906 followers View post →
Dr. Lindsay Durand Massumi, PT, DPT
@lindsaymassumi · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 1,441 followers View post →
Nanami Mano, PT, DPT
@nanamimano · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 560 followers View post →
Peter Lee 李慕平, PT, DPT
@PeterLeeDPT · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 467 followers View post →
Colin McLaughlin, DPT
@c_mclaughlin55 · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 102 followers View post →
Melissa Smith, DPT
@MilestoneDocMel · X

RT @BridgetNolanPT: In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and…

Mar 4, 2021 · 6 shares · 1,017 followers View post →
Bridget Nolan, SPT
@BridgetNolanPT · X

In contrast: Healthcare workers have been found to have the same level of implicit bias as the general population, and these biases are likely to impact patient diagnosis, treatment decisions, and even level of care. (FitzGerald, 2017) https://t.co/tP85GsTAFP https://t.co/TBfD2kehCg

Mar 4, 2021 · 32 likes · 6 shares · 569 followers View post →
Robin Cartwright
@R_M_Cartwright · X

@MrDPoole @JuliaHB1 @BirkbeckUoL And here’s another meta-analysis. You’re quite right that both the training and the measurement are often less than helpful, but the biases themselves still seem to persist sadly https://t.co/mpacDmoJZu

Feb 15, 2021 · 363 followers View post →
Mattia Gianluca Menchini
@menchini_mattia · X

RT @terapiamanualUE: ⚠️REVIEW⚠️ Evidencia los sesgos implícitos hacia los pacientes que muestran los profesionales de la salud. Se necesi…

Dec 15, 2020 · 2 shares · 5 followers View post →
José Luis Alonso
@jlAlonso_com · X

RT @terapiamanualUE: ⚠️REVIEW⚠️ Evidencia los sesgos implícitos hacia los pacientes que muestran los profesionales de la salud. Se necesi…

Dec 15, 2020 · 2 shares · 2,425 followers View post →
Terapia Manual UE
@terapiamanualUE · X

⚠️REVIEW⚠️ Evidencia los sesgos implícitos hacia los pacientes que muestran los profesionales de la salud. Se necesita + investigación en entornos reales y una mayor homogeneidad en métodos empleados para probar sesgos implícitos en la atención médica. https://t.co/Ckfjd0AFns https://t.co/DAaT8fINSU

Dec 15, 2020 · 5 likes · 2 shares · 10,974 followers View post →
Tarek Younis
@Tarek_Younis_ · X

@DafniKatsampa of course, sorry I should've linked it right away as well

Dec 2, 2020 · 4 likes · 9,331 followers View post →
spark_genesis
@spark_genesis · X

@pwME_Sully @GinaMcGalliard @Nursey1994 @bennessb https://t.co/hyjhnEIcFj https://t.co/jaBYWVOf6N https://t.co/PAEReVIcuJ I do not wish to further moderate this thread for your defensive arguments. I don't know why you are adamant on a "few bad apples" narrative nor do i care. Take it elsewhere.

Oct 16, 2020 · 181 followers View post →
FreedomRocks
@freedom2debate · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/CYkeS8AuY7

Oct 9, 2020 · 2,203 followers View post →
Erin Haugen, PhD, LP, CMPC (she, her)
@DrErinHaugen · X

Think racial bias ( + other bias) doesn't exist in healthcare? Here's 2 systematic reviews that suggest otherwise: 1️⃣ Hall et al. (2015): https://t.co/atxtQC4Q0k 2️⃣ FitzGerald & Hurst (2017): https://t.co/hstocCLeTd #EthicalVisionCE

Sep 18, 2020 · 1 like · 1,809 followers View post →
jac
@riptidesrevolt · X

implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review “35 articles found evidence of implicit bias in healthcare professionals; all the studies that investigated correlations found a significant relationship between level of implicit bias and lower quality of care”

Jul 4, 2020 · 189 followers View post →
Kulvinder Aujla
@Kulvinder_Aujla · X

@LarryKoyama @DaniBrailsford @KMiddletonCSP @misssdjohnson @emmachallans @stevenawoor Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/HcnZKgq78E

Jul 2, 2020 · 4 likes · 293 followers View post →
Bundesvertretung der Medizinstudierenden
@bvmd_de · X

Quelle [1/4]: FitzGerald C., Hurst S. (2017): Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. BMC Med. Ethics 18:19. 10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8.

Jun 25, 2020 · 3 likes · 2,838 followers View post →
Kostadin Kushlev PhD
@KushlevPhD · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review | BMC Medical Ethics | Full Text https://t.co/UJZiGz38lM #ShutDownSTEM #BLM #systemicracism #RacialEquity #racialjustice https://t.co/wnwQVFzaOP

Jun 11, 2020 · 1 like · 1,096 followers View post →
DrSusieCurtis
@DrSusieC2 · X

1/ We are trained in a medical system built on institutional racism, in a society in which we are exposed to racial stereotyping from the day we are born. Our "implicit" bias has explicit effects on the care we give patients. https://t.co/Je1NAe89T2

Jun 8, 2020 · 3 likes · 978 followers View post →
CremePatisserie
@CremePatisserie · X

@arisoikon Το μήνυμα είναι σχιζοφρενικό, αλλά υπάρχει μια βάση στον ισχυρισμό περί ιατρικής εξουσίας: όταν ένας healthcare professional με το δικαίωμα να συνταγογραφεί είναι προκατειλλημένος απέναντι σου, πως αλλιώς πάρα ως εξουσία να περιγράψεις το φαινόμενο; https://t.co/NBMzhbiDG2

Apr 17, 2020 · 27 followers View post →
Marc Margulan
@MargulanMarc · X

@Berlinator1 @nbardEff @RenateKuenast Ok.. Wie wäre es mit: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review, FitzGerald/Hurst, 2017, BMC Med Ethics https://t.co/sX85QDJAuk

Mar 24, 2020 · 1 like · 639 followers View post →
Sarita Warren waymo #1 hate account
@sarahlizwarren · X

RT @MamaDoctorJones: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: “Our findings highlight the need for the healthcare profession to address the role of implicit bi…

Feb 7, 2020 · 1 share · 18,839 followers View post →
MDJ | Danielle Jones, MD, FACOG
@MamaDoctorJones · X

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW: “Our findings highlight the need for the healthcare profession to address the role of implicit biases in disparities in healthcare.” https://t.co/XkINMNX9xO

Feb 7, 2020 · 11 likes · 1 share · 71,179 followers View post →
Taylor B. Rogers, PhD, MPH
@taybrogers · X

RT @dakhterakhter: Day3: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals:a systematic review.From the structural to the individual level, I like…

Feb 3, 2020 · 1 share · 1,599 followers View post →
Sabreen /صبرىن
@dakhterakhter · X

Day3: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals:a systematic review.From the structural to the individual level, I like this (among many) metaanalyses on implicit bias bc it gathers worldwide data and isn’t limited to race (IB most important in the US). https://t.co/9tdJMTGy6t

Feb 3, 2020 · 2 likes · 1 share · 3,707 followers View post →
Clinician Insider
@ClinicianInside · X

@rlamartini Interesting take. What are your thoughts on the findings in the attached article? Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/2hnvkuJ1uS

Jan 28, 2020 · 161 followers View post →
Richard Bentall #FBPE @richardbentall.bsky.social
@RichardBentall · X

@MartinHurt @Telegraph https://t.co/kq8zTl9Dbg https://t.co/OdF0ra3j6z And literally hundreds of others.

Jan 15, 2020 · 1 like · 31,913 followers View post →
Ubiquitous Links
@Ubiquitouslinks · X

RT @KomalBajajMD: @NYCHealthSystem Simulation Journal Club - exploring the use of simulation to address #implicitbias in healthcare. It’s…

May 18, 2019 · 2 shares · 506 followers View post →
John (Juan) Cruz
@J_Cruz2279 · X

RT @KomalBajajMD: @NYCHealthSystem Simulation Journal Club - exploring the use of simulation to address #implicitbias in healthcare. It’s…

May 17, 2019 · 2 shares · 481 followers View post →
Komal Bajaj MD, MS-HPEd
@KomalBajajMD · X

@NYCHealthSystem Simulation Journal Club - exploring the use of simulation to address #implicitbias in healthcare. It’s crucial to increase awareness - you have to name it to tame it. https://t.co/vaIIuKidQ4 #SafeMomsNYC #HealthSimNYC https://t.co/Fb49Uusyrn

May 17, 2019 · 6 likes · 2 shares · 3,025 followers View post →
Josh Richardson
@schizosemia · X

https://t.co/2soRankONp

May 14, 2019 · 2,519 followers View post →
SystematicReviewBot
@EvidenceRobot · X

RT @jposas: #Implicit #bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/mhIbU2X5bJ

May 9, 2019 · 1 share · 6,693 followers View post →
Jose Posas, MD, FAAN
@jposas · X

#Implicit #bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/mhIbU2X5bJ

May 9, 2019 · 1 like · 1 share · 879 followers View post →
SystematicReviewBot
@EvidenceRobot · X

RT @J_E_Barnard: Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/qU3nhFcspr

May 5, 2019 · 1 share · 6,693 followers View post →
JE Barnard
@J_E_Barnard · X

Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review https://t.co/qU3nhFcspr

May 5, 2019 · 1 share · 2,829 followers View post →
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A further systematic review showed that healthcare professionals have negative bias ... Implicit bias in healthcare professionals: a systematic review. BMC Med ...

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