Review: Use of human-edible animal feeds by ruminant livestock.

Abstract in brief

• The increasing use of cereal grains and soyabean meal, which are potentially humanedible, in ruminant diets raises concerns about competition for limited land resources between livestock and humans.
• While these feeds can boost livestock productivity by providing essential nutrients, their use should be prioritized for animals with the highest nutrient needs, especially to avoid depleting resources needed for human food.
• Strategies like forage-only systems can offer more sustainable and low-cost milk and meat production with less reliance on humanedible feeds, thus improving land use efficiency and reducing competition with human food supplies.]