Nature March 2018 PMID 29466337

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe.

Iñigo Olalde, Selina Brace, Morten E Allentoft, Ian Armit, Kristian Kristiansen, Thomas Booth, Nadin Rohland, Swapan Mallick, Anna Szécsényi-Nagy, Alissa Mittnik, Eveline Altena, Mark Lipson, Iosif Lazaridis, Thomas K Harper, Nick Patterson

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Mentions

171
Peak: 18 in May 2024
across 7 sources since Feb 2019

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1,278,592
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21,110

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Feb 2019 – Oct 2026

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AI synopsis

What people are saying

The group shows enthusiastic engagement with detailed references to the study, using words like 'transformation' and 'major changes,' indicating both interest and recognition of the study's importance. Several discussions explore the extent of migration versus cultural exchange, illustrating deep engagement with the topic and its broader implications for European history.

AgreementStrong agreement

Most discussions recognize the significance of the research findings, emphasizing the dramatic population changes and the role of migration in Europe's history.

InterestHigh interest

The posts demonstrate high interest, with many commenters referencing detailed genetic data and methodological aspects of the study.

EngagementModerate engagement

Users engage by referencing related papers, discussing timelines, and debating implications, indicating active and thoughtful participation.

ImpactHigh impact

The discussions highlight that the findings have substantial implications for understanding European prehistoric population dynamics, making the impact quite high.

Abstract in brief

  • The study analyzes how Beaker pottery spread across Europe between 2750 and 1800 BC, exploring whether this was driven mainly by cultural exchange or migration.
  • Genetic evidence shows limited migration between Iberia and central Europe, suggesting different mechanisms of spread, but migration played a major role in regions like Britain.
  • In Britain, the Beaker phenomenon led to a significant gene pool replacement, introducing steppe-related ancestry and causing about 90% of the population to be replaced within a few hundred years.]

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
@Ricardo_Cd_Oliv · X

A transformação na Europa Ocidental foi imensa há cerca de 5.000 anos, a chegada de uma outra mistura das estepes modifica completamente a população europeia. Basta ver as figuras em artigos: "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe", R1b e I2a + https://t.co/XW0OUjxeSw

May 20, 2025 · 25 likes · 24,960 followers View post →
Hyperdescent Breeder
@GrecoPhilistine · X

Where I do have an issue, however, is his repeating after Renfrew that there likely was no migratory replacement of established people in Britain by the Beaker folk. We in fact know that there was around **90%** genetic turnover and a large-scale replacement of male lineages. https://t.co/DDgnaKjkyC

Mar 10, 2025 · 17 likes · 1 share · 2,458 followers View post →
Roland Baker
@RolandBakerIII · X

A 2018 paper showed that 90% of Britain's gene pool was replaced within a few hundred years The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://t.co/kYv9pHw2Kx

Dec 6, 2022 · 12 likes · 8,186 followers View post →
Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
@Ricardo_Cd_Oliv · X

@realillyrian668 A process not seen in this magnitude anywhere else in Eurasia. The English were completely won over. English haplogroup I were a conquered people, The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://t.co/2C6kU3AVoF

May 28, 2026 · 9 likes · 24,960 followers View post →
Europa !
@Cato_Apollinis · X

Bibliographie : _ Barsch, E., Kowarik, K., Rodler, K., Hörweg, C., Reschreiter, H., Sattmann, H., & Walochnik, J. (2023). First molecular data on the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides species complex from the Bronze and Iron Age in Hallstatt, Austria. Scientific Reports, 13,

Sep 14, 2025 · 7 likes · 10,370 followers View post →
Mary Henderson ???
@z_z_zv · X

?5/5 Refuting the Theory with Scientific and Historical Evidence Having analyzed the theory claiming that Black people settled in Britain before White people, and highlighting the biases and methodological errors within it, it is now time to provide a comprehensive refutation of https://t.co/shRZqjC14C

Feb 16, 2025 · 7 likes · 3,582 followers View post →

All mentions

Thanos Angelopoulos
@Th_Angelopoulos · X

Sources: Æthelred II (1004) Charter for St Frideswide's, Oxford (S 909). Electronic Sawyer. Available at: https://t.co/J1TDfgQHol. English translation available at: https://t.co/erI59LVGYW. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (n.d.) The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: Eleventh Century. The Avalon

Oct 18, 2026 · 4,194 followers View post →
Philip Amies
@philipamies.eurosky.social · Bluesky

Most of our actual ancestors were in the Eurasian steppe. www.nature.com/articles/nat...

Oct 1, 2026 · 1 share View post →
Tom Booth
@boothicus.bsky.social · Bluesky

Oh yeah! Here you go. www.nature.com/articles/nat... www.cambridge.org/core/journal...

Jul 13, 2026 · 2 likes View post →
Paxtysk
@Maptysk · X

@CanadianAitken 3277 (I7286) and 2978 (I6774) both from "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe" I13025 from "Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age" The English sample is from 2287–2041 calBCE, which is at the tail end of the

Jun 7, 2026 · 3 likes · 8,031 followers View post →
Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
@Ricardo_Cd_Oliv · X

@realillyrian668 A process not seen in this magnitude anywhere else in Eurasia. The English were completely won over. English haplogroup I were a conquered people, The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://t.co/2C6kU3AVoF

May 28, 2026 · 9 likes · 24,960 followers View post →
The Irish Political Analyst
@AhernHerbe8277 · X

Sources: Neolithic and Bronze Age migration to Ireland and establishment of the insular Atlantic genome Lara M. Cassidy (2016) https://t.co/Pzsl5mEfWS Olalde et al. (2018) Nature — The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe

May 8, 2026 · 3,234 followers View post →
Fernando Sánchez
@errorrelativo · X

@DanTabin @oiram3x3 The Beaker Phenomenon and the Genomic Transformation of Northwest Europe (2018): https://t.co/jeRb7PaJkS https://t.co/bdONzfK6yA

Apr 3, 2026 · 1 like · 1,572 followers View post →
JustMeMeh:)
@FRiGHTFOoO · X

https://t.co/jLnGsh2BeJ

Mar 30, 2026 · 16 followers View post →
Gazi khan
@Gaziskhan777 · X

@RedLipRiots Nonsense you are an immigrant Let’s look at the facts you racist paedo. Briefly: the earliest peoples indigenous to the British Isles (in a historical/archaeological sense) are: Upper Paleolithic hunter‑gatherers (first colonists after the last Ice Age, c. >12,000 BCE where

Mar 6, 2026 · 731 followers View post →
Gazi khan
@Gaziskhan777 · X

@WorldByWolf Stop whinging you are indigenous to the British Isles you dumb racist learn your history first you inbred. You are an immigrant ! Go see your doctor you psychopath. Briefly: the earliest peoples indigenous to the British Isles (in a historical/archaeological sense) are: 1)

Mar 6, 2026 · 1 like · 731 followers View post →
R1b-S1194/CTS4528
@CTS4528 · X

https://t.co/e4PfSMSlSM

Feb 21, 2026 · 88 followers View post →
Tom Booth
@boothicus.bsky.social · Bluesky

It is for our understanding of prehistory in the Netherlands, and particularly the persistence of ancestry from the Mesolithic into people associated with swifterbant ceramics, but in terms of Britain it largely refines what was presented in 2018: www.nature.com/articles/nat...

Feb 19, 2026 · 1 like · 1 share View post →
Sue Nutt
@SueNutt2 · X

Very interesting video. https://t.co/2JAxv7ji5b

Nov 18, 2025 · 2,875 followers View post →
Steff of Flanders ????
@SteffOfFlanders · X

The Truth About Ancient #Briton #DNA - #England’s Forgotten Ancestors … https://t.co/o5GaR1R6qO

Nov 15, 2025 · 482 followers View post →
Joseph Seibel
@interspersus · X

Published: 21 February 2018 The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://t.co/mH1wJuYP87

Oct 22, 2025 · 604 followers View post →
Europa !
@Cato_Apollinis · X

Bibliographie : _ Barsch, E., Kowarik, K., Rodler, K., Hörweg, C., Reschreiter, H., Sattmann, H., & Walochnik, J. (2023). First molecular data on the human roundworm Ascaris lumbricoides species complex from the Bronze and Iron Age in Hallstatt, Austria. Scientific Reports, 13,

Sep 14, 2025 · 7 likes · 10,370 followers View post →
Alty Alterson
@DefNotASynth · X

@TawhakiTheGod @ForeverScept @Basil_TGMD The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe | Nature https://t.co/DWQ4X80YA4

Jul 25, 2025 · 473 followers View post →
RONALD JEAN-CHARLES
@RONALDJEAN96372 · X

CALL FOR GREEN EYES, CALL FOR BLUE EYES, CALL FOR HAZEL EYES. IN OUR TEAM WE THEM. 20/20 VISION WE DO NOT WANT CROSS EYE.... KEEP CHECKING THEIR EYES..... What is the Origin and Reason for Green Eyes? https://t.co/DQkd5NgE1H via @YouTube

Jul 18, 2025 · 149 followers View post →
my name is ozymandias
@THEWelshUgandan · X

@angloceltqueen @Imaginely2 @41below @RupertLowe10 Olalde, I., Brace, S., Allentoft, M. E., Armit, I., Kristiansen, K., Booth, T.,... & Reich, D. (2018). The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe. Nature, 555, 190–196. https://t.co/xyBhPnbWsd

Jul 7, 2025 · 510 followers View post →
Steve Oizumi
@OizumiSteve · X

https://t.co/X32P4QY6lZ

Jun 4, 2025 · 3,801 followers View post →
Liam McCarthy
@n0oneh3r3.bsky.social · Bluesky

Nemed and Fir Bolg - Bell Beaker arrivals, 2200-1800 BC pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC...

May 23, 2025 · 1 share View post →
Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
@Ricardo_Cd_Oliv · X

A transformação na Europa Ocidental foi imensa há cerca de 5.000 anos, a chegada de uma outra mistura das estepes modifica completamente a população europeia. Basta ver as figuras em artigos: "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe", R1b e I2a + https://t.co/XW0OUjxeSw

May 20, 2025 · 25 likes · 24,960 followers View post →
JAMES KEATING
@JUSTJAMESKkgdv · X

What is the Origin and Reason for Green Eyes? https://t.co/RDatmH19nY via @YouTube I already knew Africans n Irish blood mixed am also IRISH but German was hush hush I get that _ but the Green eyes I got em . Sooo wars do cause destruction n death but also gets people to Come

May 7, 2025 · 643 followers View post →
Kimberly Batykefer
@KimberlyBatyke1 · X

https://t.co/7hf7Bc9dFB. I have Hazel greenish blue eyes.They change on my moods

May 6, 2025 · 1 share · 989 followers View post →
Yyy:3
@Yyy344154998 · X

https://t.co/AXlH0CVoDP

May 4, 2025 · 284 followers View post →
Lewis.B.Rendell Official
@Lewisrendell1 · X

@scruffyhuman @JamesPGoddard90 of Britain, specifically the late Neolithic Britons, around 3000 to 2500 BCE. These were the descendants of early farmers who arrived in Britain around 4000 BCE, largely replacing the earlier Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. A 2018 study by the University of Oxford, "The Beaker

Apr 25, 2025 · 1 like · 1 share · 28,061 followers View post →
s.straderco
@darksadie.bsky.social · Bluesky

I have green! youtu.be/mX-QwEIA0_4?...

Apr 24, 2025 View post →
R1b-S1194/CTS4528
@CTS4528 · X

Brief Explanation of R1b-S1194/CTS4528 R1b-S1194 (also known as R-CTS4528) is a rare Y-DNA haplogroup, a sibling clade to R1b-P312 and R1b-U106 under R1b-M269 > L23 > L51 > L151. Originating around 2500–2000 BCE in Central Europe, it likely emerged during the Corded Ware or Bell

Apr 20, 2025 · 88 followers View post →
Will Yeates
@wyeates.bsky.social · Bluesky

can anyone send me a copy of this paper? www.nature.com/articles/nat...

Apr 8, 2025 · 4 likes · 3 shares View post →
Hyperdescent Breeder
@GrecoPhilistine · X

Where I do have an issue, however, is his repeating after Renfrew that there likely was no migratory replacement of established people in Britain by the Beaker folk. We in fact know that there was around **90%** genetic turnover and a large-scale replacement of male lineages. https://t.co/DDgnaKjkyC

Mar 10, 2025 · 17 likes · 1 share · 2,458 followers View post →
Mary Henderson ???
@z_z_zv · X

?5/5 Refuting the Theory with Scientific and Historical Evidence Having analyzed the theory claiming that Black people settled in Britain before White people, and highlighting the biases and methodological errors within it, it is now time to provide a comprehensive refutation of https://t.co/shRZqjC14C

Feb 16, 2025 · 7 likes · 3,582 followers View post →
Mary Henderson ???
@z_z_zv · X

?3/5 The Historical Background of Settlement in Britain To accurately understand the history of human settlement in Britain and evaluate the validity of claims regarding the origins of its earliest inhabitants, it is essential to review the historical and archaeological context https://t.co/2DkKuKxLJw

Feb 16, 2025 · 3 likes · 3,582 followers View post →
Mary Henderson ???
@z_z_zv · X

?2/5 The Population of Britain Since Prehistoric Times: A Comprehensive Historical and Scientific Study The history of Britain’s population is a long and complex tale of human migrations, environmental changes, and cultural developments. When discussing physical traits such as https://t.co/IcVWwSqT4K

Feb 16, 2025 · 5 likes · 3,582 followers View post →
Shimeka Clinton
@ShimekaC49503 · X

https://t.co/LJ1SZWtfQY

Feb 12, 2025 · 1 share · 173 followers View post →
WardArchaeology
@ward-archaeology.bsky.social · Bluesky

That population change mentioned by the way took generations if not hundreds of years - The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe | Nature www.nature.com/articles/nat...

Jan 15, 2025 · 3 likes · 1 share View post →
Haniel
@haniyell.bsky.social · Bluesky

eram dele, mas exercendo um racismo fruto de séculos de uma cultura colonialista, imperialista e racista que inclusive perseguiu esses povos pra fomentar uma lógica cristã e civilizatória. Referência sobre a composição genética e ancestralidade na bretanha: www.nature.com/articles/nat...

Dec 31, 2024 · 4 likes · 1 share View post →
Hilbert
@CotswoldsQC · X

@JoshK151553 We've been here longer than that. https://t.co/84hFFi6V1p

Dec 4, 2024 · 4 likes · 236 followers View post →
Jeannie
@JeannieNC · X

https://t.co/GPqMZRfQrp

Nov 18, 2024 · 2,788 followers View post →
?YESHUA is Coming ?✨☀️??
@palavrossavrvs · X

https://t.co/e9LyKPCjIc

Nov 8, 2024 · 24,924 followers View post →
An anoneymouse
@anonimouse99 · X

Green eyes research. Sharing because I have green eyes. ? https://t.co/ymw3KkKZTK

Nov 2, 2024 · 1,254 followers View post →
CHOMPer_II
@Return_of_CHOMP · X

Why Do Inuits Not Have Blue Eyes? The Reason for Blue Eyes (Part 2) https://t.co/LahoQn43Zh via @YouTube

Oct 27, 2024 · 117 followers View post →
Jessie Slater PhD
@subbasegirl.bsky.social · Bluesky

Excellent thread on Olade et al. 2018 "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe"

Oct 18, 2024 · 2 likes View post →
Jonathan Pritchard
@jkpritch.bsky.social · Bluesky

This may be an example of what you're looking for: this shows the major transitions in Rome (Antonio et al 2019), though it's a bit heavily weighted toward modern era. You could also check out the Reich lab Bell Beaker paper for Britain doi:10.1038/nature25738 but it doesn't show all the stages

Oct 6, 2024 · 7 likes · 2 shares View post →
Alain Bertrand
@AlainBe85724920 · X

@JPDemoule Je viens de lire doi:10.1038/nature25738. Le mot génocide n'apparaît pas, pas plus que Reich ne le prononce dans l'interview que vous avez citée. L'avez-vous vraiment écoutée ?

Aug 31, 2024 · 3 followers View post →
Carlton pogroski
@CPogroski · X

What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/1JgOBNVFOa via @YouTube

Aug 18, 2024 · 10,215 followers View post →
Dennis Thompson
@appoco · X

What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/gqBEaUyjNO via @YouTube

Jul 4, 2024 · 18 followers View post →
Meta Crusader
@Ausstttiinn · X

@filalya_ https://t.co/yYN6bbWgJk

Jun 2, 2024 · 181 followers View post →
Too Relaxed
@TooRelaxedBT · X

https://t.co/qhZepgf6P2

May 19, 2024 · 40 followers View post →
Too Relaxed
@TooRelaxedBT · X

https://t.co/8u3c8P2h1w

May 19, 2024 · 40 followers View post →
Jorg Bischoff
@jorgybischoff · X

What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/hZxViLklwa via @YouTube

May 19, 2024 · 1,909 followers View post →
JAMES KEATING
@JUSTJAMESKkgdv · X

What is the Origin and Reason for Green Eyes? https://t.co/pSNblXm2H4 via @YouTube

May 16, 2024 · 643 followers View post →
Bernard Frazier
@BernardFrazie18 · X

What is the Origin and Reason for Green Eyes? https://t.co/mD5TrUtbqT via @YouTube

May 16, 2024 · 331 followers View post →
Bernard Frazier
@BernardFrazie18 · X

What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/h5Fly7mr1E via @YouTube

May 16, 2024 · 331 followers View post →
OnTheLevel
@TonightsGame · X

https://t.co/W73R2qBH2q

May 13, 2024 · 385 followers View post →
OnTheLevel
@TonightsGame · X

Well that explains that. What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/CpinZFbTLl

May 13, 2024 · 1 share · 385 followers View post →
Man de VIL
@IBM3081D · X

@Scarjofans https://t.co/ePcocwZluy

May 13, 2024 · 726 followers View post →
The English Way
@DavidofEnglish · X

@zclewshypno @LadyJustice4512 morning ladies. Why green eyes? Apparently, we're fairy folk!?‍♀️ ??? https://t.co/w9eO6DYgPj

May 13, 2024 · 16,700 followers View post →
William Murphy
@futuredude.bsky.social · Bluesky

Why Do Inuits Not Have Blue Eyes? The Reason for Blue Eyes

May 13, 2024 View post →
William Murphy
@futuredude.bsky.social · Bluesky

What is the Origin and Reason for Green Eyes?

May 13, 2024 View post →
Ken Suzuki
@kensuzuk · X

What is the Origin & Reason for Blue Eyes? https://t.co/q5IFJUYuOq via @YouTube

May 12, 2024 · 1,091 followers View post →
A Forgotten
@therealeapoe6 · X

https://t.co/BjAM2ytaTJ https://t.co/5qQMM4IZfd

May 12, 2024 · 775 followers View post →
Son of Albion
@SonOfAlbion_ · X

Why do blue eyes exist? https://t.co/xpzlgw1KsR

May 12, 2024 · 458 followers View post →
Decodïng Trolls
@DecodingTrolls · X

@EspeschitRegina @lucyfedia @UmlandAndreas Nature, 2021 Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Agehttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04287-4#article-info Nature, 2015 Haak W,etal.(2015) Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European-European languages in Europe. https://t.co/1iKtb7xKZy https://t.co/nfhR8oIm5v

Nov 13, 2023 · 19,062 followers View post →
Roland Baker
@RolandBakerIII · X

A 2018 paper showed that 90% of Britain's gene pool was replaced within a few hundred years The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe https://t.co/kYv9pHw2Kx

Dec 6, 2022 · 12 likes · 8,186 followers View post →
Arya Blanco
@arya_bauergeist · X

@garymotion @xela19721 @EdwardHobden @tica_attica It's the findings of "The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe" by Oldalde et al, 2018 in Nature.

Nov 30, 2022 · 122 followers View post →
Jonathan Knight
@jondknight · X

The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe | Nature https://t.co/R7qUCt3n97

Jun 22, 2019 · 735 followers View post →
雑記帳
@Florisbad · X

@Aki_Okazawa ブリテン島では4500~4000年前頃に住民の遺伝子プールの約90%が置換したと推定されていますから、そこが大きかったのではないかと思います。 https://t.co/r846XivawD

Feb 3, 2019 · 2 likes · 1,173 followers View post →