This might be the best video on what #NAFO is fighting against. It's got everything from Vladislav Surkov, to troll farms, to "The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect," to bots on Twitter. Watch and share, there are even translated RU docs on Benn's free Patreon.
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect.
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May 2021 – Oct 2025Where it's discussed
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X / Twitter128 posts
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News82 articles
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YouTube15 videos
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Blogs10 articles
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Bluesky6 posts
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Facebook2 posts
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AI synopsis
What people are saying
The posts include various reactions to the article, with many recognizing the illusory truth effect as a mechanism for propaganda and misinformation, using phrases like "repetition is brainwashing" and "manipulation through repetition". Terms such as 'gaslighting', 'cognitive dissonance', and references to political figures highlight a critical understanding of the implications of the research. The tone often conveys urgency, suggesting a deep-seated concern about how such psychological principles are weaponized in society.
Most discussions express a general agreement with the findings, often highlighting how repetition influences belief systems.
A significant number of participants show curiosity about the concept, linking it to broader societal issues.
While discussions mention the research, many posts are more reactive than reflective, indicating moderate engagement.
Many contributors recognize the potential for the findings to affect public perception and behavior, seeing it as a significant influence on how misinformation spreads.
Abstract in brief
- The illusory truth effect refers to the phenomenon where repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information, primarily due to the increased processing fluency associated with repetition.
- A study conducted two experiments which increased the number of repetitions of trivia statements shown to participants, up to 9 times in Experiment 1 and 27 times in Experiment 2.
- Results indicated that as the frequency of repetitions increased, so did the perceived truthfulness of the statements; however, the greatest jump in perceived truth occurred after the second repetition, with subsequent repetitions yielding smaller increases.
Top posts
Most liked on X and BlueskyThe effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | Full Text https://t.co/rXapZKEOhU
If you want to know why they repeat things over and over again, it is simply because it is a form of brainwashing. Repeating something back creates the most influential of repetitions. See attached and below: https://t.co/P63H9PnnC2 https://t.co/Jn0njQlOcG https://t.co/v4NbIrJzv4
@RandymH @LauraLoomer @RonDeSantis
@preta_6 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. (Hassan & Barber, 2021) https://t.co/ZODr9tNZX4
@QUBelfast @Athena_SWAN Doesn’t Athena Swan these days require signing up to the proposition that sex in humans is “a spectrum” and we literally are whatever sex we decide we are? Ah well, it is demanded, so let’s follow, who cares if it’s flakey or not … https://t.co/e0Q8ogcPPB
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@jonsson_henrik https://t.co/n5OPDf2WUa https://t.co/p14cIvHdqZ
@SokoAnalyst His logic is actually sound. If he says something often enough, on a large enough platform, it sticks as the truth for a large enough portion of the population. Repetition works, even when you know a person is lying- the illusory truth effect https://t.co/z7Y4JYMNzy
https://t.co/7fLcXgGmgj
https://t.co/7fLcXgGmgj https://t.co/QbXK8lLXOV
@Acyn Ask any MAGA cult member and they will swear Trump saved California with that water....he repeats his lies over & over. "Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information." https://t.co/OGTtYsyXkX
@preta_6 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. (Hassan & Barber, 2021) https://t.co/ZODr9tNZX4
https://t.co/7fPwZJb1Vn
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
RT @T_estifies: @liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hO…
@liz_churchill10 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/1VtLLEA4o4 https://t.co/hOgDvoly4A
@iluminatibot Because it works: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect linked bellow https://t.co/gazyaaDBqP
For a more in-depth understanding, you can read the full study here: https://t.co/1VtLLEzwyw
@Bobbofitz @Jenny_1884 The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect ⬅️ Please search and read the paper and understand there’s bigger things than just the ID, if you think everything thé government spews out for your benefit you are mistaken. We are not their priority. and I
@RebLHarrington @Anna_Soubry There’s a few tactics they using: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect⬇️ …https://t.co/R2MsQMaqlB… They also goading us to react: link to the above in the post comments bellow. Only have a limited time to share this before they clamp down for
RT @T_estifies: @SeanyBoyy89 Found this interesting. We’re been gaslit by government into believing https://t.co/1VtLLEzwyw The effects of…
@SeanyBoyy89 Found this interesting. We’re been gaslit by government into believing https://t.co/1VtLLEzwyw The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect Summary of the Illusory Truth Effect The Illusory Truth Effect is a cognitive bias where repeated exposure to a
@NachDenkSeiten Die Kraft der gebetsmühlenartigen Wiederholung schlägt zurück... https://t.co/RJCgxesefa
@GustavineLe Und dieses wiederholt und wiederholt und wiederholt - bis wir glauben es ist "wahr" hat den Namen illusory truth - Wiederholung als Manipulationstechnik. https://t.co/RJCgxesefa
@elonmusk Actually……. https://t.co/Nw3ksPffeO
@DerbyChrisW Old propaganda adage - Manipulation through repetition: https://t.co/RJCgxesefa
@elonmusk Borrowed from Hassan, A., Barber, S.J. The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. Cogn. Research 6, 38 (2021). https://t.co/05IMgj1Ofq It is known as the illusory truth effect, and it is typically thought to occur because repetition increases processing
@GuntherEagleman Variation of the message doesn’t have the same psychological impact as hearing the same exact message over and over again does. https://t.co/64dlix2MPG
@diankrtn__ @Pak_Thanos_lagi @Me31324567Me @Panji2018 @GlHindu Tergantung... mualaf yg terpapar cukup lama frekuensi yg sama atau mualaf yg emosional krn terpapar frekuensi baru (denger suara adzan merdu langsung kebawa emosi pengen mualaf)...? Semua soal permainan frekuensi... https://t.co/2xovW1SafR
@alexandrosM Sloganeering is a mass scale psychological technique to gain control of narratives. Just keep repeating it over and over, and eventually it becomes an establishon.
Figured I’d digest and let something marinate overnight what the press and others are doing. #ConstitutionalCrisis I found following by accident. The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect Aumyo Hassan & Sarah J. Barber https://t.co/UvPo4UnYvN But it https://t.co/wyArMta0YB
Let's get back to the algorithm and social engineering. Buzzwords like "gaslighting" help people feel they know what's going on, but they often don't. The easiest way to convince someone of a lie or incorrect idea is through repetition. https://t.co/zZldf6LSHr
https://t.co/f5HjkJbYRO https://t.co/gfoJJW5JZa
https://t.co/62e6yO0D6O
what is the 'illusory effect' and just how effective is it? do advertisers use this ?politicians/ justice/army/ parents and friends? are we robotically controlled from childhood? https://t.co/KDNxv6D5tv https://t.co/EaKYtftrJi
RT @RealDiegoVera: Why do some people believe misinformation? It's called the illusory truth effect: https://t.co/13rSDHEUac
Why do some people believe misinformation? It's called the illusory truth effect: https://t.co/13rSDHEUac
@BowesChay This is a well known and acknowledged psychological phenomenon which is perfect for manipulating the minds of swathes of people - ' the illusory truth effect'. https://t.co/J2zAW9PA6x.
Familiarity is persuasive, and that’s exactly what makes it dangerous. How many times have you heard a false claim so often that you started doubting your knowledge? Studies back this up. And it's called the illusory truth effect. https://t.co/WQdV8zC1tw
@mayemusk This is part of their brainwashing technique. Read on about the effects of repetition. https://t.co/2lDj7DfVa3
This might be the best video on what #NAFO is fighting against. It's got everything from Vladislav Surkov, to troll farms, to "The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect," to bots on Twitter. Watch and share, there are even translated RU docs on Benn's free Patreon.
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. #important #think "Consistent with this idea, research has shown that repeated information is perceived as more truthful than new information." cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10....
@ryangerritsen repetition is brainwashing https://t.co/cw8M4FzTFI
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect https://t.co/iDBECQEvVc
@elonmusk https://t.co/ZBu8rVPImb
Consistently repeated information is perceived to be more truthful when compared to new information. https://t.co/1KlaV3iTVl
L'article cité est en accès libre, n'hésitez pas à aller y jeter un oeil
@elonmusk The illusory “Truth” effect These demons don’t do anything by mistake https:https://t.co/zg3Rhz8dBo
@NSAGov The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect - PMC https://t.co/Av2DJ2Z6yr
@0xjune_ I hate days like this because I can pinpoint which of my patients said this and I somehow seem to have picked it up and will take weeks to shake off. Also makes me think my patient was lying to me. See this: https://t.co/KwVCjfw7oJ
@big_monkeyball There is an article with the Cognitive Research Journal which is titled: ~The effects of Repetition Frequency on the Illusory Truth Effect~ In short, Repetition (Constant MainStreamMedia Fake News) is an integral part of brainwashing techniques. Repeated information is often
This is just an example in this line of “Illusory Truth Effect” research. It’s been going on for years as they refine their understanding of it. 4/4 https://t.co/2A75SAHoMo
@alexandrosM Pete knows what he’s doing. He reinforces the message, invoking the “illusory truth effect” on us unawares. He repeats the word “weird” three times, w/o being contradicted. It’s Gobbels “proving a circle is a square” technique. It’s twilight language. https://t.co/2A75SAHoMo
@Green_k100 @wikileaks We’ve all been subject to cradle to grave indoctrination. It’s what you do going forward after you realize the powers that be constantly lie to us that counts. https://t.co/EFFAwu9PI7
@WalshFreedom You know it’s propaganda when they use the same words over and over “end of democracy” or “ existential threat to democracy” it’s literally brainwashing and people join in and do it. Neuroscience article here : https://t.co/DU3lHuDIh9
You'll either believe something or you won't, but if you might it only takes a few repetitions to make it one of your truths. If you haven't read "The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect" it is a real trip. cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10....
I suppose this graph also tells us how many times you need to repeat something for anyone to remember it. It's 3, unless you want to go for 9.
I was thinking the logarithmic findings of "The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect" may show when the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is weak or strong when it comes to labelling defining the messages people see over & over. cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10....
@AlexanderSoros https://t.co/41PRhZxMV2
@MrAndyNgo https://t.co/2eQnf90QGu
@MrAndyNgo Brainwashing. "Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information." https://t.co/blIp18QpP7
@cassiemoans_ Have you heard of the Illusory Truth Effect? https://t.co/hnZ5IQ7Tnd
@halterjuerg Gibt viele Studien zu dem Thema, dass Fakten nicht immer effektiv sind, Menschen zu überzeugen. Emotionale Aspekte sind leider oft stärker als kritischer Rationalismus. https://t.co/e5GLEiCxi0 https://t.co/52Ovo1IeEp
@Metalchondria @cassiemoans_ https://t.co/hnZ5IQ7lxF
@faithwillsaveu Repeating the same lie over and over again without evidence, is considered a form of psychological manipulation known as the "Illusory Truth Effect". https://t.co/QVHlinrRnT https://t.co/N06xkagKWh https://t.co/jLleFrs2wt
@MikeWingerii Narrator: Repeating the same lie over and over again without evidence, is considered a form of psychological manipulation known as the "Illusory Truth Effect". https://t.co/QVHlinrRnT https://t.co/N06xkagKWh https://t.co/jLleFrs2wt
RT @RUOC90177786: If you want to know why they repeat things over and over again, it is simply because it is a form of brainwashing. Repeat…
RT @RUOC90177786: If you want to know why they repeat things over and over again, it is simply because it is a form of brainwashing. Repeat…
If you want to know why they repeat things over and over again, it is simply because it is a form of brainwashing. Repeating something back creates the most influential of repetitions. See attached and below: https://t.co/P63H9PnnC2 https://t.co/Jn0njQlOcG https://t.co/v4NbIrJzv4
https://t.co/41PRhZxf5u
@tsarnick Other views are on the the patterns that occur independently or that are forced. https://t.co/NZMOhN20sA & https://t.co/fzkiZUFg1i & on topic, https://t.co/WAPtESepod
@faithwillsaveu Repeating the same lie over and over again without evidence, is considered a form of psychological manipulation known as the "Illusory Truth Effect". https://t.co/QVHlinrRnT https://t.co/N06xkagKWh https://t.co/jLleFrs2wt
@QUBelfast @Athena_SWAN Doesn’t Athena Swan these days require signing up to the proposition that sex in humans is “a spectrum” and we literally are whatever sex we decide we are? Ah well, it is demanded, so let’s follow, who cares if it’s flakey or not … https://t.co/e0Q8ogcPPB
@SenSanders How many times have I now read eerily similar messages showing clear cognitive dissonance in the writer? "Repeat after me...." 'The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect' (aka brainwashing?)
@oncewasr This? https://t.co/5ubdBIagLB
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
RT @QuelleVousNo2: https://t.co/kLv8T3I845 People tend to perceive claims as truer if they have been exposed to them before. This is known…
@roby6732 Non hanno nemmeno avuto il bisogno di sforzarsi troppo per creare un ipnosi di massa. Continuando a ripetere una bugia sempre più gente crederà sia la verità. É nella natura umana. https://t.co/4T8Wq5T6yr
@matt7gh Non solo i like, anche solo la ripetizione di una bugia la rende una verità: https://t.co/4T8Wq5T6yr
RT @jfa643: Here is an interesting scientific paper about illusory truth, or making lies seem true. https://t.co/nPSvi7SSCh And a bonus…
Here is an interesting scientific paper about illusory truth, or making lies seem true. https://t.co/nPSvi7SSCh And a bonus article about the same subject. https://t.co/zsuE3GyzRE
RT @AlkatiriWardah: @kawalkyai @islah_bahrawi @ulil @sahaL_AS @1AmyChew @blasteerst @dwioktariyadi @VictorKeawe Misinformasi dan Disinforma…
@kawalkyai @islah_bahrawi @ulil @sahaL_AS @1AmyChew @blasteerst @dwioktariyadi @VictorKeawe Misinformasi dan Disinformasi yg terus-menerus diulang, lama2 diterima sbg KEBERANAN - the Illusory Truth Effect https://t.co/EQp0BtJzCD Kayaknya inilah strategi propaganda Radikal-Radikul yg terus didengungkan.
@roby6732 Più dici una bugia più ci saranno persone che crederanno sia la verità. https://t.co/4T8Wq5T6yr
@devilscandidate Tried and true. The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect. But he fits in though.
@TaodeHaas Illusory truth https://t.co/o2M1qHQKC9 https://t.co/TYplwPLFFx
@DStudent71 “Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information.” https://t.co/SCqHyRjle1.
We learn truth or misinformation with well studied and well used techniques, from propaganda and conspiracy theories to politics and religion. It’s a proven fact that if we hear it repeated often enough, true or false, some of us will believe it. https://t.co/gZfi2WOnM9
@philthatremains "study suggests" Standard tactics. https://t.co/CW5oPHIMKC
RT @utopiah: Yet another reminder than big and popular does NOT mean secure. Don't trust an IT brand just because you hear about it constan…
@PanData19 Beware the illusory truth effect “Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information. This finding is known/ the illusory truth effect, and it is typically thought to occur because repetition increases processing fluency.” https://t.co/S3tkMi7qXF
Yet another reminder than big and popular does NOT mean secure. Don't trust an IT brand just because you hear about it constantly. "perceived truthfulness increased as the number of repetitions increased" https://t.co/uPA7pnpJ0J aka illusory truth effect. https://t.co/XoEvhfnjQ8
RT @HumanWhit: @RandymH @LauraLoomer @RonDeSantis
RT @HumanWhit: @RandymH @LauraLoomer @RonDeSantis
@RandymH @LauraLoomer @RonDeSantis
@POTUS The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect Aumyo Hassan & Sarah J. Barber Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications volume 6, Article number: 38 (2021) Cite this article 61k Accesses 31 Citations 654 Altmetric Metricsdetails Abstract Repeated
@galena_white @itsror9 These are your exact words, “all it takes to spread a message is to repeat it over and over - that's been scientifically proven.” Science says that's how you spread misinformation. That's not twisting your words. It's the facts. SOURCE: https://t.co/GXnTkFm8fI
@Aborti0nRights 'We have to keep saying it'. They think if they just call it murder enough it will become so. Sounds a lot like brainwashing to me. https://t.co/Qagh82fbRW
Effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Imagine doing this with (deep) state run media about a presidential candidate for over seven years then claiming to have an impartial grand jury & 71 indictments against him https://t.co/gAR6EBjx6H
RT @HaileyBucks2: @JenaGriswold Why do you keep tweeting the same things? If you say it enough, it has to be true. Fellow tweeters! Let’s s…
@JenaGriswold Why do you keep tweeting the same things? If you say it enough, it has to be true. Fellow tweeters! Let’s study this. https://t.co/1blYnCw4NC. The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect.
Anytime you repost a tweet from Republicans you are actually HELPING them spread their lies. It's called Illusory Truth theory To understand how it works see this: https://t.co/pphXAI4rPE https://t.co/vwT2jMT8Dr
@RP360alt @AsadaGina Unfortunately, due to the illusory truth effect, piers’ lies would have still spread & been believed. Check out illusory truth effect https://t.co/qCekV47JDE
@Srhgrl82Bailey @ultra_freedom45 @Timcast People also tend to see patterns (such as repetitions) where there’re none. https://t.co/oWRCEopOX9 https://t.co/8Qvnq3af5L https://t.co/aOLQpH6c1v
@bruce_juhl @markbullivant7 @goodfoodgal It would be wise and healthy to step outside of the echo chamber you’re in. https://t.co/B0SaSMv5Pj
The Effects of Repetition Frequency on the Illusory Truth Effect Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information. #IllusoryTruthEffect <https://t.co/ErxJU3aSi1> https://t.co/mxl5JVKZ4Q
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | Full Text https://t.co/0fu4j9xhUH
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect: https://t.co/YmbRwziKk9 #Cognitive #marketing #persuasion #experiment
RT @FrankDElia7: “The Fox Effect” - The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and I…
“The Fox Effect” - The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | Full Text https://t.co/jegmzl6HAI
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect "Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information. This finding is known as the illusory truth effect," https://t.co/hFoFHdQkeC
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
RT @wishbumpycoulda: The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | F…
The effects of repetition frequency on the illusory truth effect | Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications | Full Text https://t.co/rXapZKEOhU
“Repeated information is often perceived as more truthful than new information. This finding is known as the illusory truth effect, and it is typically thought to occur because repetition increases processing fluency.” @StateDept @POTUS https://t.co/VE9NOR0mug https://t.co/eHla9EwvA0
trials https://cognitiveresearchjournal.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41235-021-00301-5