Tob Control March 2023 PMID 34226262

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders.

Thomas Martinelli, Math J J M Candel, Hein de Vries, Reinskje Talhout, Vera Knapen, Constant P van Schayck, Gera E Nagelhout

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Mentions

37
Peak: 7 in Aug 2021
across 2 sources since Jul 2021

Extended reach

81,509
potential audience

Total likes

47

Video views

110

Mentions per month

Jul 2021 – Apr 2024

Where it's discussed

  • X / Twitter36 posts
  • YouTube1 videos

AI synopsis

What people are saying

The discussions frequently cite the study’s emphasis on the distinction between association and causation, with phrases like 'association in both directions' and 'not a cause-effect relation,' showing an awareness of the nuances in scientific research. The tone varies, with some users highlighting the importance of accurate interpretation, while others express skepticism, which reflects the complex debate surrounding e-cigarettes and their potential gateway effects.

AgreementModerate agreement

Most discussions emphasize that the study shows only an association, not causation, highlighting that a gateway effect cannot be definitively proven. Many posts reference the language used by the authors and criticise misinterpretations.

InterestHigh interest

The posts demonstrate a high level of curiosity about the study’s findings and its implications, with several participants questioning the potential risk or benefits, and referencing other research or data.

EngagementModerate engagement

While some comments delve into methodological concerns and compare findings across studies and regions, many simply acknowledge the study's outcomes without deep analysis.

ImpactNeutral impact

The overall perception seems to be that the study contributes to ongoing debates rather than causing a major shift in opinion or policy, with some posts suggesting that the evidence is inconclusive or overinterpreted.

Abstract in brief

  • This study examined the relationship between e-cigarette use and tobacco smoking among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders, finding a two-way association where each increases the likelihood of the other.
  • The research involved following students over 6 and 12 months, showing that kids who used e-cigarettes were more likely to start smoking tobacco later, and vice versa, especially with more frequent use.
  • The findings suggest that the gateway effect might operate in both directions—e-cigarettes leading to tobacco and tobacco leading to e-cigarette use—or that both behaviors stem from shared risk factors.

Top posts

Most liked on X and Bluesky
Luk Joossens
@JoossensLuk · X

E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in … https://t.co/YfkixZkyUe

Jan 5, 2022 · 17 likes · 7 shares · 1,240 followers View post →
Maurice Swanson
@MauriceGSwanson · X

More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands https://t.co/iyaKpTM1Ob @tobaccofreeaust @ama_media @TheRACP

Aug 23, 2021 · 10 likes · 8 shares · 1,028 followers View post →
Shahrdad Lotfipour, Ph.D.
@shlotfipour · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders - PubMed https://t.co/CtV2C41kKM

Jul 10, 2021 · 7 likes · 2 shares · 2,067 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@Honesty_Init @AddictionsPMC @thejournal_ie If you focus on 1 gateway you might fail to notice that there is another gateway https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/39EuD6qrph

Jul 30, 2022 · 4 likes · 1 share · 1,746 followers View post →
No Brainer
@NOBrainer_drugs · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents… Start smoking – lead to e-cigarette use! Start vaping – lead to smoking! #quit #vaping https://t.co/YuV8nEY8vi https://t.co/OoMAIgJrv5

Aug 2, 2022 · 2 likes · 1 share · 2,692 followers View post →
Regulator Watch
@RegWatchCanada · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco | A prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders https://t.co/BGWChA50n9 *Curated content by RegWatch

Jul 19, 2021 · 1 like · 2,186 followers View post →

All mentions

de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@AnnetteScherp @FConijnGZO @rubenivangaalen @acvoda @EsigbondNL Het onderzoek waar hij naar verwijst vergelijkt het met beide, en veelal zijn de niveaus van de schadelijke stoffen gemeten in mensen vergelijkbaar met niet rokers/dampers. Er is een associatie in beide richtingen, maar geen oorzakelijk verband https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/vPelTt98G2

Apr 14, 2024 · 1,746 followers View post →
Manjari Peiris
@manjaripeiris · X

https://t.co/fIOfPx5VZV

Mar 20, 2024 · 83 followers View post →
smaaknoodzaak
@smaaknoodzaak · X

@KpwLeenhouts @MaartenOoijen Frappant dat hij graag rivm als referentie gebruikt maar bij de gateway theorie dit niet doet, zou dat komen omdat hun eerlijk vermelden dat het gaat om niet meer dan een overeenkomst, en dat dit soort studies nooit een oorzakelijk verband kunnen tonen https://t.co/ZoOssJpwOF

Nov 28, 2022 · 1 like · 273 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@esther_schnerr @KpwLeenhouts @Wdekanter @2eKamertweets @_NVWA @Trimbos Die misleiding werkt ze zelf aan mee. Deze studie staat beschreven op tabaknee als bewijs voor de gateway, maar de auteurs schrijven toch echt iets anders. Ze spreken over een associatie van gebruik, en in beide richtingen https://t.co/jqgmgX3tGU https://t.co/RpcNTmEA90

Nov 15, 2022 · 1,746 followers View post →
AcVoDa
@acvoda · X

@Chr1stenJohn @blauwborgje1 @femigabi @Holladi25449861 @WHKOLKMAN @ginnymooy @rivm Daarbij zou je als wetenschapper het ermee eens moeten zijn dat een associatie niet gelijk betekent dat er een oorzakelijk verband is. Zowel rokers als dampers behoren bv tot dezelfde risico groep. Deze studie vond een gateway in beide richtingen https://t.co/rI7VYbmiUl

Sep 26, 2022 · 1 like · 892 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@MiekeClaes @RamonWMQ Kunnen zulke bevolkings onderzoeken een oorzakelijk verband tonen of alleen een associatie? En is die associatie er in beide richtingen, en zo ja, welke is dan groter? En gaat het dan om experimenteren of dagelijks gebruik? https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/p82SpLXOxL

Sep 22, 2022 · 1,746 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@RWGriffioen @parool En? Overal zien we hetzelfde, de populairder de e-sigaret de sneller het aantal rokers daalt. Hier is de UK. Als we breder kijken zien we hetzelfde effect voor andere thr middelen Het screenshot van het onderzoek is van Nederlandse bodem https://t.co/jqgmgX3tGU https://t.co/R9pWUMeEC4

Sep 12, 2022 · 1,746 followers View post →
smaaknoodzaak
@smaaknoodzaak · X

@Wdekanter Het RIVM + IVO komen tot een hele andere conclusie na hun onderzoek. Met als belangrijkste argument dat een associatie niet gelijk staat aan veroorzaken. Ook de gebruiks data uit andere landen toont dat de gateway weg van roken groter is dan naar roken https://t.co/ZoOssJoYZ7 https://t.co/TYfv1G3nzM

Sep 10, 2022 · 1 like · 273 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@EsigbondNL @NieuweRevu @LeonVerdonschot @AshOrgUK De correlatie e-sigaret gebruik na roken is ook groter dan roken na e-sigaret gebruik volgens dit Nederlandse onderzoek (rivm + ivo). De correlatie werkt dus in beide richtingen, en het netto effect is dus positief voor de volksgezondheid https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/KFQg9WVJiw

Sep 10, 2022 · 1,746 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@PietWoltman @locuta @AgBlanken Dit is de meest recente studie naar de gateway theorie waaraan ook Reinske Talhout van het RIVM aan meewerkte. Er is niets meer dan een overeenkomst gevonden, en die overeenkomst werkt in beide richtingen. Of het 1 het ander veroorzaakt is niet te bewijzen https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/kKaRaEWXOI

Sep 3, 2022 · 1 like · 1,746 followers View post →
Gene A Cole
@popeye55211 · X

RT @NOBrainer_drugs: Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents… Start…

Aug 3, 2022 · 1 share · 116 followers View post →
No Brainer
@NOBrainer_drugs · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents… Start smoking – lead to e-cigarette use! Start vaping – lead to smoking! #quit #vaping https://t.co/YuV8nEY8vi https://t.co/OoMAIgJrv5

Aug 2, 2022 · 2 likes · 1 share · 2,692 followers View post →
Dr. Garrett McGovern
@AddictionsPMC · X

RT @plopnl: @Honesty_Init @AddictionsPMC @thejournal_ie If you focus on 1 gateway you might fail to notice that there is another gateway ht…

Jul 30, 2022 · 1 share · 10,157 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@Honesty_Init @AddictionsPMC @thejournal_ie If you focus on 1 gateway you might fail to notice that there is another gateway https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/39EuD6qrph

Jul 30, 2022 · 4 likes · 1 share · 1,746 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@ned193 @Driptipi @Wdekanter @kwf_nl @rookvrijegen @_NVWA @MinVWS Onderzoek wijst uit dat er een associatie is, en die associatie is er in beide richtingen. En dat toont dat het hoogstwaarschijnlijk gaat om dezelfde risico groep. Een associatie bewijst geen veroorzakende factor, daarnaast daalt jeugd gebruik nog steeds https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm https://t.co/aU8XnQOOqX

Jul 1, 2022 · 1 like · 1,746 followers View post →
de vangrailmaaier (ACVODA)
@plopnl · X

@svmaxls @esmeewilpshaar De gateway is niet meer dan een theorie, en werkt beide kanten op. Dampers / rokers zijn dezelfde risico groep, het is praktisch onmogelijk om vast te stellen dat jongeren zonder e-sigaret ook zouden zijn gaan roken en omgekeerd https://t.co/jqgmgX2VRm

Jun 23, 2022 · 1,746 followers View post →
Views on Drugs
@ViewsOnDrugsBot · X

RT @ViewsOnDrugsBot: Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the…

Jan 7, 2022 · 1 share · 2,060 followers View post →
Francisco Lozano
@FrguezLozano · X

RT @JoossensLuk: E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis…

Jan 5, 2022 · 7 shares · 1,038 followers View post →
AndresZamoranoCNPT
@AZamoranoCNPT · X

RT @JoossensLuk: E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis…

Jan 5, 2022 · 7 shares · 730 followers View post →
Radhouane Fakhfakh
@fakhfakhr · X

RT @JoossensLuk: E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis…

Jan 5, 2022 · 7 shares · 900 followers View post →
Wouter Arrazola de Oñate
@drWouterArrazol · X

RT @JoossensLuk: E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis…

Jan 5, 2022 · 7 shares · 2,341 followers View post →
Luciano Ruggia
@LucSil1 · X

RT @JoossensLuk: E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis…

Jan 5, 2022 · 7 shares · 145 followers View post →
Luk Joossens
@JoossensLuk · X

E-cigarette users among adolescents switch to smoking and smokers switch to e-cigarettes. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in … https://t.co/YfkixZkyUe

Jan 5, 2022 · 17 likes · 7 shares · 1,240 followers View post →
Views on Drugs
@ViewsOnDrugsBot · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders 1/5 https://t.co/Q0dZ38XgaX

Oct 27, 2021 · 1 share · 2,060 followers View post →
Gary Holden
@Info4Practice · X

New on https://t.co/8pxKdRV8sp | Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders | https://t.co/v3Z2VPbhD5 https://t.co/Wc69EtfDWn

Oct 7, 2021 · 4,715 followers View post →
Yael Bar-Zeev, MD, MPH, PhD
@yaelbarzeev · X

RT @MauriceGSwanson: More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cig…

Aug 24, 2021 · 8 shares · 1,586 followers View post →
Gerrit van Eijk
@gquerci · X

RT @MauriceGSwanson: More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cig…

Aug 24, 2021 · 8 shares · 3,577 followers View post →
Dr Amer Siddiq
@DrAmerSiddiqPsy · X

RT @MauriceGSwanson: More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cig…

Aug 24, 2021 · 8 shares · 18,415 followers View post →
Roelien den Ouden
@RoeliendenOuden · X

RT @MauriceGSwanson: More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cig…

Aug 24, 2021 · 8 shares · 2,588 followers View post →
Tobacco Free Aust
@tobaccofreeaust · X

RT @MauriceGSwanson: More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cig…

Aug 23, 2021 · 8 shares · 1,733 followers View post →
Maurice Swanson
@MauriceGSwanson · X

More evidence the e-cig use by young non-smokers leads to cigarette smoking. Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands https://t.co/iyaKpTM1Ob @tobaccofreeaust @ama_media @TheRACP

Aug 23, 2021 · 10 likes · 8 shares · 1,028 followers View post →
Regulator Watch
@RegWatchCanada · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco | A prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders https://t.co/BGWChA50n9 *Curated content by RegWatch

Jul 19, 2021 · 1 like · 2,186 followers View post →
Luciano Ruggia
@LucSil1 · X

Altmetric – Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a… https://t.co/O8crjvCdc3

Jul 11, 2021 · 1 like · 145 followers View post →
UCI BTC
@BtcUci · X

RT @shlotfipour: Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Net…

Jul 10, 2021 · 2 shares · 375 followers View post →
Shahrdad Lotfipour, Ph.D.
@shlotfipour · X

RT @shlotfipour: Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Net…

Jul 10, 2021 · 2 shares · 2,067 followers View post →
Shahrdad Lotfipour, Ph.D.
@shlotfipour · X

Exploring the gateway hypothesis of e-cigarettes and tobacco: a prospective replication study among adolescents in the Netherlands and Flanders - PubMed https://t.co/CtV2C41kKM

Jul 10, 2021 · 7 likes · 2 shares · 2,067 followers View post →