Postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a concept analysis.

Abstract in brief

• POCD, or postoperative cognitive dysfunction, is a condition that affects patients—especially older adults—after surgery involving general anesthesia, with prevalence rates ranging from 36.6% in young adults to 42.4% in older individuals.
• The review aimed to clarify the concept of POCD by critically analyzing existing definitions, identifying its key features, risk factors, and consequences, resulting in a more precise and useful definition for clinicians and researchers.
• POCD can range from subtle to severe cognitive impairments that may be temporary or long-lasting, impacting quality of life, increasing healthcare costs, and possibly raising the risk of dementia and mortality, highlighting the need for further research to establish clearer operational definitions.]